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Gray iron casting expertise
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Commonly used cast iron components in the industry range: 2.5 ~ 4.0% C, 1.0 ~ 3.0% Si, 0.5 ~ 1.4% Mn, 0.01 to 0.20% S. In addition, it also contains Cr, Mo, V and Cu, Al element.
The organizational characteristics of gray iron casting has a sheet of graphite, the matrix structure is divided into three types: ferrite, pearlite, ferrite + pearlite.
Typically, C and Si can effectively promote the elements of graphitization. In order to ensure that can be gray cast iron in the casting, and are not to be excessive and thick graphite sheet, the composition of the cast iron is usually controlled at 2.5 ~ 4.0% C and 1 ~~ 2.5% Si.
Cast iron in Al, Cu, Ni, and Co elements will promote graphitization. S, Mn, Cr, W, Mo, V carbide forming elements to prevent graphitization. S is not only a strong block of graphite, can also reduce the mechanical properties and fluidity of the iron castings. Generally controlled at 0.1 to 0.15%. Although Mn can prevent graphitization, but he can be generated and S of MnS content of 0.5 to 1.4%.
Gray iron can be seen as the steel matrix and flaky graphite inclusions. Graphite sheet, the less the finer, more uniform, the higher the mechanical properties of cast iron. Cast iron graphite tablets containing C and Si content, casting valve in particular C But containing low C and Si content increases the chilling tendency of cast iron, to form a white or mottled organizations.
Usually in order to improve the cast iron mechanical properties can be taken to the agent Inoculation before pouring in the molten iron Riga, a small amount of "nurturing". This cast iron solidification process to produce large amounts of artificial nuclei, in order to promote the nucleation and crystallization of the graphite. White can not only prevent, but also allows the crystallization of the graphite sheet significantly refined.
The most commonly used inoculant for ferrosilicon and calcium alloy, the dosage is generally about 0.4% of the molten iron of the total weight. Inoculation of cast iron, not only its strength has greatly improved, and the shaping and toughness also increased.
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resolution fine grain casting
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Past two decades concentrating on the development of foreign high-temperature alloy casting and single crystal casting
technology oriented, mainly to improve aircraft engine turbine blades of high-temperature high-pressure work, thereby increasing
the engine thrust, and extend its working life. At the same time, aircraft engines in harsh conditions to work under low
temperature conditions in the low-pressure turbine blades, and turbine casing blisk high-temperature alloy castings such as low
cycle fatigue life and a higher requirement. But in general this type of casting investment casting casting process under
production conditions, usually coarse dendrite or columnar grain, average grain size greater than 4mm, more typical for the 4 ~
9mm. As the coarse grains and organization, performance of the anisotropy, it is easy to use the casting process in the emergence
and development of fatigue cracks, which the fatigue properties of castings, especially low-cycle fatigue properties of extremely
unfavorable, and the resulting mechanical properties of casting data fragmentation and reduce the design margin. With the overall
engine life and performance requirements to further enhance and improve the low-temperature fatigue properties of castings and
other mechanical properties is very important. This has led to a fine grain casting technology generation and development.
Industrial countries, especially the United States and Germany, as early as the late 1970s launched a high-temperature alloy
fine grain casting technology research and application, in the late 1980s, the technology to mature, is currently being aviation,
aerospace industry to expand its scope of application, such as the United States Howmet companies use fine grain casting
technology has successfully created a Mod5A, Mar-M247, IN713C, 1N718 and other high-temperature alloy as a whole turbine, the
turbine of the low cycle fatigue life increased 2 to 3 times . Germany, France, aircraft engines in the new model also uses a
fine-grained overall turbine castings. Domestic high-temperature alloy fine grain casting technology research from the late 1980s
started, after \"85\" and \"95\" during the study and application of China\\ s aviation industry to establish a special fine-grain
casting equipment, high-temperature Alloy fine grain casting process for a more systematic test, developed a number of fine-
grained nickel-base superalloy castings, and has been used in aircraft engines, in the fine grain casting area of research has
made important progress.
A fine grain casting characteristics and process methods
1.1 characteristics of fine grain cast
Fine grain casting technology or process (FGCP) works by controlling common investment casting process, the nucleation
mechanism to strengthen the alloy, alloy in the casting process, to form the core of a large number of crystals and prevent grain
growth, resulting in an average grain uniformity of size less than 1.6mm, small, isotropic equiaxed castings, fine-grained than
the typical grain size of the United States casting the standard ASTM0 ~ 2 level. Fine grain casting grain refinement in the
casting, it is also the primary carbides in the high-temperature alloys and strengthening phase γ \\ size decreases, the shape
improvement. Therefore, the fine grain casting advantage is a substantial increase in casting temperature (≤ 760 ℃) under the
conditions of low cycle fatigue life, and significantly reduce the mechanical properties of casting the dispersion of data,
thereby enhancing the design margin for casting parts . At the same time the technology is still to some extent, improved tensile
properties and lasting performance casting, heat treatment and to have good casting properties.
Fine grain casting technology can improve the high temperature alloy castings machining performance, reducing blade-shaped
holes and sharp edges, etc. have potentially dangerous cracks in processing. Therefore, the technology enables castings extend
the scope to the original use of forgings, machined parts and malleable plate assembly and other fields. Casting in the
production of aircraft engine parts, the use of fine grain castings or forgings instead of some of the fine grain cast ingot
material to do the forging has been very common.
1.2 method of fine-grain casting process
Fine grain alloy cast from the proliferation of nuclei already exists in the liquid or solid form plus a central role in
shaping the nuclear base, so the key is to increase the fine grain alloy base fluid in the number of nucleation. Currently
increasing the number of nucleation substrate basic methods can be divided into three categories: thermal control method
parameters or change the casting method (VCP method), kinetic (or mechanical method) and chemical methods. This is the fine-grain
casting process method in recent years, the three types of basic research and development of American Howmet Corporation\\ s
Grainex (referred to as the GX method) and Microcast-X (referred to as the MX method) fine-grain process on behalf of the
international advanced level of fine-grain casting method, has been put into production. Figure 1 GX, MX method of grain
refinement typical size range.
One GX law to Kinetic based, fine-grain superalloy casting is the first generation of Kinetic technology, which uses high
heat temperature, the alloy solidification process has been broken skeleton of a dendritic solidification of crystalline core,
and thus small of casting grain. Compared with the thermal control, GX larger superheat casting method, thereby easily forming
part of the thin-walled castings, castings obtained high purity, small and uniform grain size, usually to achieve ASTM0 ~ 2
level. But still retains a slight grain morphology of dendritic, the drawback is not an overall improvement in the casting grain
shape, only the thick-section parts of the grain refinement. This method is suitable for casting leaf discs, and other rotary
casting and Heavy cross section of fine-grained castings. MX is a method developed by Howmet second generation kinetic fine grain
casting process, which is characterized by rapid solidification and mechanical disturbance combined to obtain a more fine grain
cell tissue, this method of casting grain size can be cast of ASTM3 ~ 5 level or finer, with wrought superalloy parts of
comparable grain size, which can be greater than the rate of increase GX method the mechanical properties of castings. Until now,
the patent process is still not open. However, the data analysis, the process elements include: ① refined alloy after static
cooling, the casting superheat maintained at 20 ℃ or less. ② when pouring the liquid alloy to mechanical or electromagnetic
disturbance, the alloy liquid into tiny droplets flow into the preheated mold cavity. ③ disturbance within the liquid alloy in
the mold and the mold to improve the cooling of the liquid alloy strength, so that casting can be generated in the entire cross-
section uniform, small, non-dendritic cell organization. MX method is mainly used for the production of nickel-base superalloy
castings, ingot casting and forging parts.
In the mid-1990s, a national research and development areas are fine-grained kinetic casting process – mold stirring method
(Mould-Agitation method), referred to as MA method, and the establishment of ZGX-25-type fine grain casting vacuum induction
Furnace. The device can be cast out of the use of dimensions of 300mm, weighing up to 50kg of fine grain castings. The device can
be used not only in chemical and thermal control fine-grain blade casting method, the overall structure of pieces of fine grain,
but also the production of a stir with the cast high purity fine grain blisk, turbines and other rotating body castings. The
process principle and the GX method similar to Figure 2.
ZGX-25-type fine grain casting mold preheat the oven with a heater, and can cast one-way / two-way rotation of the body. Stir
casting method (MA method) based on grain refinement of casting solidification process of dendrite fragmentation, the
proliferation of the principle of particle nucleation. Specific process steps are: install stuck in the shell mold casting
system, a dedicated and warm to the provisions of the shell temperature. Refining of the molten alloy in clean, adjust the
pouring temperature, then poured into the shell, the rest for some time, bi-mold stirring, until the solidification is completed.
In the solidification process of liquid metal through the mold wall stirring so that the initial formation of the cast
dendrite was broken, broken dendrites distributed throughout the alloy liquid, thus creating an effective nucleation, resulting
castings have small, uniform and equiaxed grains. In addition, the center of the casting mold wall thermal gradient is reduced,
so no matter how the change in the casting section thickness, can obtain a more uniform equiaxed.
Stir casting method is mainly controlled agitation parameters: pouring the liquid alloy in the mold after the rest time τ
static; forward / reverse time τ positive and negative; forward reverse change between the time τ to change; Forward / reverse
speed v positive and negative; bi-directional rotation of the total time τ total. Experiments by varying the alloy pouring hot
water and stir Δt temperature parameters to get different grain size.
Stir casting process has the advantage of using fine-grained than the process of thermal control method is much higher
pouring temperature, thus casting of high purity, thin-walled parts easy to shape. In contrast, the traditional method of thermal
control and fine grain casting boride precipitation process mainly depends on the low pouring temperature, resulting in a non-
metallic inclusions ensnared.
2 fine grain casting example
Stir casting method using fine grain casting of an aviation engine in the temperature conditions (470 ~ 750 ℃) the use of
the whole turbine. The overall turbine diameter 147mm, casting GW 10.5kg, with K418B nickel-base superalloy casting, the main
chemical composition shown in Table 2.
Shell with ethyl silicate melt model – made of corundum sand system shell technology. Alloy melting and casting in a homemade
ZGX-25-type fine grain casting vacuum induction furnace. Mold in the furnace can be bi-directional rotation of the liquid alloy
into the cavity of the stirring effect imposed by two-way
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Value-added products to enhance the tuning and stronger Benxi Iron and Steel Industry
As we all know, Benxi is coal, steel and other resources up the city s old industrial base. When talking about the history, people always have numerous Benxi pride in my heart.
But over time, the share of glory can only have been buried deep in my heart, people have to stay calm in face of Benxi coal resource depletion, iron and steel industry, backward
technology, outdated equipment, a single product, lack of competitiveness, such as the harsh reality . Between giving up and insist on, calm and pragmatic leadership Benxi he
took the latter. For iron and steel “love-hate” emotions at this time completely transformed into the determination of development, and this choice is exactly based on facts and
rational analysis on the basis of research. Benxi iron ore resources in quantity and high quality; nearly a hundred years the history of steel production, the accumulated value of the
hundreds of billions of Benxi, including mining, iron, steel, metallurgy and processing equipment, strong capitalists at the end, for the re-Benxi vibration of steel provided the
material basis for glory; nearly a hundred years the history of steel production, the formation of the Benxi unique “steel culture”, who forged the iron will of Benxi, but also to
train tens of thousands of management and scientific and technological elite and craftsmen … … the face of many industrial advantages, Benxi iron and steel industry began tuning
and stronger, zoom “all steel” in the name.
Primary iron and steel plate turned boutique
It is still red hot metal, molten steel, but in the past a lot of consumption of resources, production of primary products is different, a vehicle pulled out of Benxi Iron and Steel
factory truck is loaded on board vehicles, appliances board, container board … … now this Steel Group has become a truly fine plate production base, various types of high-end
products up to 400 kinds of varieties, the “double high products” accounted for 80% of the total.
June 8, 2010, for the purposes of Benxi iron and steel industry should be a landmark day. Benxi Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd. and North Taiwan Steel (Group) Co., Ltd.
successfully reorganized. “Two steel” after the merger and reorganization, has formed a production capacity of 23 million tons, over 100 billion yuan of sales income of firm size,
will play better in their product variety, market development, technology research and development and other areas of the province to build regional steel industry clusters,
development of related industries play an important role. Also, this thickening of the Benxi “all steel” construction of the capital.
“Two steel” of merger and reorganization, the Benxi Iron and Steel in North production, supply, marketing, human, financial, and material to achieve an integrated docking and
fusion, Benxi Iron and Steel in management, technology, market, credit, financing, etc. increasingly in-depth support of the North steel, steel strong with the North, and the
formation of the complementary advantages of the situation, showing the “1 +1> 2″ reorganization effect.
Benxi Iron and technical experts in support of the North steel mill for the first time 1780 output 1.2 mm thin gauge sheet metal, reaching design capacity. After the merger and
reorganization, “two steel” technology tests with each other, the North steel District 101 engineering and technical personnel dispatched to the scene counterparts learning Benxi,
Benxi Iron and Steel sent a technology research group of the North steel area of the main technical diagnostic equipment to solve a lot of previous technology bottlenecks. In
addition, the supply part of the “two steel” quickly achieve a “platform to manage, process,” the three unified, co-located staff, customers, regardless of you and me. Product
varieties, specifications, quality standards are to Benxi Iron and Steel products, product sales market share, the original steel plate products north to reach many of the same
quality and price with the Benxi Iron and Steel, sales gradually increased. Meanwhile, wire rod and bar products, North Camp yield, quality and size in the country enjoy a high
reputation, but now they enter the sequence of Benxi Iron and Steel Products, Benxi Iron and Steel products make up the gap … …
Under the “two steel” merger and reorganization of the General Assembly, the Provincial Development and Reform Commission announced that the North dismantle all existing
450 cubic meters of steel blast furnace the following investment 2.4 billion yuan, the new two 2850 m3 blast furnace project allowed to carry out preparatory work. This is the
“two steel” after the merger and reorganization of eliminating backward production capacity of the first project. Under the new plan, Benxi Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd. will
completely remove more than a simple expansion to 40 low-level redundant construction projects, the technical innovation on the use of the funds to improve the level of
technology, product quality. Continue to eliminate backward production capacity in the premise, the annual output of steel stable at 20 million tons, entered the list of world s most
advanced iron and steel enterprises.
According to this idea of transformation, in the “five” period, Benxi Iron and Steel factory s main product is locked to high-end automotive sheet, high-end appliances,
represented by cold-rolled plate, coated products; to advanced pipeline steel, high-strength automotive steels , high-strength structural steel engineering as the representative of
hot-rolled products; to high-quality bearing steel, special steel varieties represented; to ferritic stainless steel products represented; with high magnetic induction in the non-
oriented silicon steel and oriented silicon steel as the representative of the silicon steel the product. Hot and cold ratio of 58%, the proportion of high value-added products for
more than 85%, 92.2% more than sheet metal, the product coverage market. The factory s main products, North Camp, part of the hard and soft wire; another part of the bar. To the
“second five” late, after the reorganization of the “two steel” will achieve sales of 135.3 billion yuan, profit of 3.8 billion, a 30 million tons level, all varieties, high quality,
world-class quality steel production in the North base, business ranks among the Fortune 500.
Enhance the value-added products
Follow the “do fine upstream, downstream and stronger,” the steel industry development, Benxi on the “Iron rice” choose another, more health, more scientific way of eating.
They opened the “two steel” channel between the “two steel” from the middle of planning and construction of a new iron and steel deep processing of fine steel Industrial Park,
Liaoning (Benxi) iron and steel deep processing industrial park (northbound Park and east by the Lake Park composition). Here rely on “two steel” of resources, the initiative to
undertake the radiation related industries in Shenyang, attracting capital, technology and human resources and other production factors, to produce color-coated, automotive sheet,
tin plate, PVC board and a variety of precision casting and other steel the main items of deep processing industry, to enhance the added value of Benxi iron and steel products,
win products to maximize efficiency. By 2015, the park will achieve sales of 100 billion yuan, up 500 business households. There has approved the construction of the provincial
park, iron and steel deep processing industry is becoming Benxi building “all steel” has heated up the overall layout of a hot spot.
Northbound steel deep processing industrial park away from the main plant is only 4 km Benxi Iron and Steel, is near the North Camp plant, and Asia s largest reserves of large
sets of single ditch Iron is also located in the area, the development of iron and steel deep processing industry can make the best. Park in the “development of a park, to promote a
deputy city” concept, by integrating technology, market resources, industrial clustering platform to build, to build the western industrial city of Benxi City. In addition to leading
the development of deep processing of iron and steel industry, but also the development of supporting industries and supporting logistics services industry, mining and mining and
basic industries.
Today, northbound steel construction has been in full swing of the park. Investment of 40 million yuan to complete the 13 km riverside road expansion; invested 700 million
yuan to complete a 9.2 km bridge Elm Road Reconstruction; invested 6.03 million yuan starting area of 1.5 km new T-Road and drainage works, road vehicles; invested 1.6
million yuan construction starting area dedicated 10kV power lines and other projects have been completed. Total investment is 100 billion big ditch iron ore project is expected
to Taiwan in 2015 to complete a construction, annual production of iron ore 20 million tons. The total investment is 100 billion of Benxi Iron and three or four cold-rolled and
construction logistics project has been opened, tungsten and molybdenum products factory, pump factory, Wing Star Building Materials, North value fine chemicals and other
enterprises have also been assigned to the park; investment of 100 million The Wing Sing a new building materials, 80 million yuan in Beijing lithium batteries, rubber products
4,000 million, 50 million yuan investment in Benxi cranes and heavy 2 billion people filled five key concern of the investment projects has been completed and put into operation
ahead of schedule.
Benxi iron and steel deep processing industry Dongfeng Lake Park officially formed early last year, you determine the “three first” objectives: namely, the industrial park in the
city, the first to complete the 100 square meters of land preparation works, first settled in 100 projects , the first to achieve 10 billion business productivity. Park is divided into
three segments: steel deep processing and manufacturing sector. Focus on the development of ferrous metallurgy, machine building products matching accessories, as well as
continuation of Benxi Iron and Steel upstream and downstream industries; modern dry port logistics sector. Focus on building a modern dry port logistics and steel, building
materials and professional markets; urban function zone plate. Prince Edward River with the western region layout, color and the central industrial area of Tuen region as the
common living area.
As of late last year, the park has started construction of key infrastructure projects 7, a total investment of 34.47 million yuan; floor to introduce 20 projects, total investment of
3.485 billion yuan; has started 14 projects, of which over 6 billion project. Meanwhile, the park also discuss the project reserves 30, Benxi, Dandong Port of them land in Hong
Kong Logistics, Shanghai First Steel City, Shanghai Chemical Industry Group with pigment carbon black coal industry processing projects, Changshu Huaneng Environmental
Protection profiles, Zhengzhou Hongyu car modification, Danyang Hengtai electric products other key projects have reached a billion or more investment intentions.
The production chain until the county
Benxi possess unique mineral resources, destined to land on this side will grow out of foundry industry. Benxi municipal government made great efforts to promote steel deep
processing products follow the general idea of industrial development, along with the city s casting industry entered a period of rapid growth, has been formed to auto parts,
machinery parts, machine tool accessories, wind power accessories, casting pipe parts, railway castings and other castings industry-based prototype. Therefore, the development
of Benxi City foundry industry has implemented a master plan to enrich the “all steel” construction of meaning.
With the “Shen The integration” strategy, Benxi Iron and Steel take full advantage of abundant resources, the initiative to undertake the radiation equipment manufacturing
industry in Shenyang, attracting capital, technology and talent and other production factors, extend the industrial chain, development and growth of foundry industry. The city has
identified more intensive in the foundry business of the county, district, to build three castings industry cluster. Namely: Benxi Manchu Autonomous County precision casting
industry clusters, cluster casting Huanren Manchu Autonomous County, Nanfen casting industry cluster. By 2015, production reached 4,000,000 tons of casting products; sales
revenue of 400 billion yuan; casting companies to 150.
Through corporate and product categories, as well as market analysis, focus on building and improving the Benxi 4 chain. Namely: First, the rapid development of automobile
industry to seize the country the opportunity to crank the north, Benxi Sunchon axle plant and other enterprises as the leading auto parts casting speed up the development chain.
For the engine crankshaft, axle “bigger, stronger, doing fine, doing the whole”; Second, Voices Casting Co., Ltd and Benxi Benxi City Foundry Co., Ltd. and other enterprises
flourished as the leading form of wind power industrial chain casting to build wind power castings parts industrial base; third is directly related to the industrial center of
Shenyang and the Shenyang Economic Circle docking equipment manufacturing industry base in order to gather Xinda Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. and Mining Machinery
Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Nanfen area companies such as leader, focusing on building a complete set of mining machinery parts industry, large-scale mining equipment and
accessories chain, into sets of large-scale mining equipment and machinery parts and other parts industry base; Fourth, the use of the industrial base has been formed to Donghua
Casting Co., Ltd. Benxi focus, to build equipment manufacturing industry, machine tool bed and accessories chain. Benxi this old, “steel is” their way to display a new charm.
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Xinghua quality supervision to force industry to upgrade
Xinghua is the Yangtze River Delta emerging industrial city, the city has all kinds of more than 10,000 industrial enterprises, and gradually formed of stainless steel products,
agricultural products processing, machinery manufacturing, textile and garment industry, four major advantages.
Among them, the stainless steel industry is particularly prominent, the city s stainless steel production accounts for one-sixth of the country, is the stainless steel products export
base in Jiangsu Province. Xinghua City, is known throughout the Dainan “China s steel town.” The city of Jiangsu Xingda steel cord production ranks first in Asia and third in the
world. Dainan stainless steel industry has appeared in the “National Top 100 industrial clusters” and “focus on fostering industrial clusters in Jiangsu Province.”
The end of 2009, in support of provincial and municipal quality supervision department under the Xinghua carried out high-quality stainless steel product demonstration areas to
create work and achieved good results.
Stainless economic cluster shape
Creating high-quality stainless steel products Dainan demonstration area has over 70 large-scale enterprises, which had annual sales of 34 million businesses, over 50 million
businesses an annual output of stainless steel products more than 80 million tons. In 2009 the city completed sales of stainless steel products, $ 32 billion, profits and taxes total
more than 30 billion yuan.
It is understood that the region has been formed around the worn centered on the south, to the stainless steel industry as the core radius of 9 km Industries, has become a major
distribution center for stainless steel products and raw materials and steel cord production base. “Currently, wearing a chain south of the stainless steel industry has been
maturing.” Xinghua Municipal Committee, vice mayor, said Gu Yuejin, Dainan formed from stainless steel industry waste materials acquisition, to smelting, refining, forging,
rolling, to the products deep processing, production, supply, marketing of such products, science, industry and trade integration, a complete industrial chain. A total of 40 stainless
steel series, more than 10,000 species, including stainless steel wire, mesh, cloth, rope, pipes, nails, tape, standard parts, accessories, bar, wire, machinery, decoration and
building materials, widely used in architectural decoration, household appliances, petrochemicals, machinery and environmental protection fields. According to statistics, nearly
70% of stainless steel, 80% of the ordinary wear of stainless steel standard parts are from the south.
Today, the stainless steel industry has a huge Dainan sales network, covering 170 cities nationwide and overseas markets, Dai Nam has become the information center of stainless
steel products. The town has 50,000 people in the stainless steel industry, of which 1 million people in China and Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe acquisition of stainless steel, 3
million people engaged in the processing of stainless steel products, and another 10,000 sales of stainless steel products throughout the country.
Gu Yuejin said that in May 2008, approved by the Provincial Development and Reform Commission, wearing stainless steel logistics center in the South to become “modern
service area in Jiangsu Province.” Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Chengdu, Xi an and other cities have to wear a street south of stainless steel.
Propaganda rally to build consensus
According to reports, to create a good demonstration area, Xinghua city government office had developed a product demonstration areas to create high-quality implementation
plan, proposed building work eight goals, clearly the work of various departments and business responsibility to determine the regional regulation, improve the quality , branding
and other nine priorities.
During creation, Xinghua Bureau of Quality Supervision, Trade and Industry Bureau, Environmental Protection Agency, Commission by letter, Development and Reform
Commission, Science and Technology Bureau, Bureau of Commerce and other departments of mutual support and close communication on major and difficult issues, concentrating
on remediation, and in the enterprise process improvement, quality improvement, and other aspects of the project for the support given. The creation of a complete system and
tight style of work, carried out to create a solid work provides an important guarantee.
Creation process, the city launched the in-depth information to a consensus in the community as a key task. In January, Xinghua City and Taizhou Bureau of Quality Supervision
jointly created Dainan mobilization meeting was held to further unify thinking, raise awareness, Dainan more than 200 business leaders and a total quality management
participants; June In mid-Dainan government invited a Chinese Special Steel Association Stainless Steel Branch, president of Li Cheng to wear South research study, combined
with the requirements of industrial transformation and upgrading, create high-quality stainless steel products on the demonstration area, organized seminars.
During creation, the city combines stainless steel quality inspection center of national preparatory work, they were organized, Shenyang Metal Research Institute of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing Iron and Steel Research Institute, Anhui University, Institute of Metallurgy information standards experts and professors, professionals and
entrepreneurs on their discussions , updating the concept of enterprise development, enhance our innovation needs. The city s extensive news media to create positive publicity
activities, and produce special programs to create dynamic reports to show to create features. Create a strong working environment, to create a solid demonstration area
compacted foundation.
Multi-sectoral efforts to create
Since the beginning of the year, relevant departments of the city and township in accordance with their responsibilities, the area of the stainless steel business model and technical
aid to carry out comprehensive inspection activities.
First, find out the real situation, formulate specific measures. All stainless steel enterprise of personnel conducted in-depth, detailed investigation, for the production equipment,
process, infrastructure management, security and environmental protection work are summarized and classified, and to develop a detailed work measures, requirements related to
corporate control requirements swift implementation, rectification and improvement.
Second, the organization focused on regulation, focused on solving the outstanding problems that exist in business. Members of the unit has carried out four joint law enforcement
inspection activities, mainly the product quality, production and identification mark in accordance with standard usage of the law enforcement inspection; business environment,
especially pickling and processing enterprises, “concentrated acid, centralized management, zero discharge “The law enforcement inspection; energy saving inspection of law
enforcement business, and corporate safety enforcement inspection. 4 inspection of law enforcement officers were deployed more than 200 people, shut down enterprises 3.
Third, actively helping to carry out a variety of technical activities. Creating activities since the quality supervision department of personnel into the enterprise, on-site to carry
out standards, metrology, quality services, offer advice to enterprises to create famous brand; by the letter of appointment to the newly purchased business equipment, technology
projects, Development and Reform Commission for the new projects to provide technical advisory services, and strictly in accordance with state industrial policies and
supervision; Technology, science and technology projects to help enterprises to increase the intensity of the organizational reporting, reporting a total of three state-level science
and technology projects, 11 provincial science and technology projects.
In Xinghua city government support and help, October 18, 2010 to 19, “China s strategic development of small and medium steel companies Seminar” held in the southern city
wear.
Creation, quality supervision to force most
Secretary Su Guofeng Taizhou Bureau of Quality Supervision, said: “To their best to create stainless steel industry demonstration zone, Taizhou Xinghua quality supervision
departments for the most attention and support can be created in the demonstration area, the quality supervision departments to support the most power! ”
Su Guofeng said that in the national and provincial quality supervision departments of the strong support of Dainan located in Xinghua City, State Quality Supervision and
Inspection Center of stainless steel products have been put into use. This is to establish national quality inspection center in the township is still the first in the country. Quality
Control Center purchased 50 sets of major equipment, world-class and domestic leading level, the center with a number of research institutes to establish a partnership, a strong
technical force reserve. Center will be set according to “detection, research, standards, information, services,” as one of the objectives and requirements, creating the industry
share of stainless steel materials and products of high quality testing services platform.
In addition, specially set up Dainan 500 million science and technology innovation award funds to support enterprises in technological innovation, patent development, reporting
high-tech enterprises. Currently the town has with more than 30 scientific research institutes, institutions of higher learning to establish a close cooperative relationship-based
research. Spark Spark Special Steel Co., independent research and development, “21812 Stainless steel bar” than before the price increase profits by 50% or more. The
Enterprise Technology Center each year for companies to create effective than 15 million yuan.
Su Guofeng said that to improve the mechanism to achieve long-term monitoring. First, set up quality supervision institutions in the demonstration area – wearing South Branch, is
responsible for the daily supervision of stainless steel business, through the implementation of ABCD classification supervision system, improve the quality of corporate
management, eliminate fake and shoddy behavior. Second, full stainless steel products in the construction of national quality inspection center, increase the product of the
demonstration area of special inspection and supervision of the frequency of sampling and demonstration area regularly submitted to the Government of stainless steel products
quality analysis reports, technical basis for government decision-making. Third, strengthening the technical service platform construction demonstration zone, active with the
Institute of Metallurgy information standards, Beijing Iron and Steel Research Institute, and guide enterprises to participate in formulating and revising of stainless steel products
international, national, industry standards, national standard to guide the use of enterprise products, by raising the level of the standard , improve product quality, brand-name
products and striving for technological innovation honor. Fourth, give full play to the role of industry associations to strengthen self-discipline and so on. Through the
improvement of the mechanism to ensure high-quality stainless steel products and healthy development of demonstration areas.
Create a remarkable demonstration
Gu Yuejin, said: “In the demonstration area to further optimize the production environment, while wearing a southern steel industry development concept has been thoroughly
updated.”
Now, in the demonstration area, standardization, metrology and quality-based management has been strengthened, a new enterprise infrastructure management improvement. It is
reported that this year, the business model for new standards for the region 2, update the standard 14, standard stainless steel products, enterprise products 100% coverage;
measurement work in improving product quality, energy consumption, increase enterprise efficiency in the important effect, be better achieved, companies active in the area of
measurement model confirmed by the measurement of which Xingda cord system certification.
Product quality and raw material quality control system more perfect, enterprises acquire the necessary testing equipment while actively with quality inspection center of
technology, has signed with hundreds of quality inspection center of the contract, to ensure that products are not tested and not by the factory door . In addition, the demonstration
of many local enterprises to actively carry out the ISO9001 quality system certification, quality management has leapt to a new level, steady improvement in the quality of
stainless steel products.
Meanwhile, brand-building work of the demonstration area has been thoroughly carried out. Demonstration area businesses to actively speed up the pace of implementation of
brand strategy, all types of enterprises to enhance quality management from the start, increase product quality transformation, large numbers of striving for national, provincial and
municipal famous brand and quality reliable products and high-tech companies enterprise. Xinghua city government also introduced incentives for access to the title of brand-
name products, to give up to $ 600,000 rewards.
Current demonstration area has been striving for a well-known Chinese trademarks, seven brand-name products in Jiangsu Province, three in Jiangsu Province, Taizhou City, five
brand-name products, eight well-known trademark in Taizhou City. This year, there Xinda Company “radial tire steel cord” ready to declare China Top Brand, Fergus s “stainless
steel wire rope”, Zhenya s “stainless steel fasteners,” and the Sea Group “stainless steel valve steel bar” and at the same time declaration of Jiangsu famous brand. The emergence
of a number of brand-name products, the revitalization of the industrial development, and foster the image of Dai Nam.
Optimize and upgrade industrial structure
“Creating high-quality stainless steel production demonstration area, to speed up the transformation of the industrial innovation process. Xinghua stainless steel high-quality
product demonstration area of the building has achieved tangible results.” Gu Yuejin said.
According to reports, some of the key enterprises, such as the new scale, and the Sea, Spark and other products to increase efforts to restructure and improve the value-added
products, to upgrade the industry and product quality.
In keeping rods, wire rods, construction and decoration materials, and special materials and special-shaped products based on the advantages, actively explore the stainless steel
in the industrial, transportation, and emerging industries and other fields, in particular, is to accelerate the stainless steel in the manufacturing, petrochemical, electric power,
natural gas, environmental protection and other fields.
In the material, further increase research and development, from refining crude refining transition to the active development of new steels and high-end products to the aerospace,
marine, nuclear and other high-end areas of new materials; in progress, the focus to high-speed wire instead of ordinary wire, and actively developing a stainless steel plates,
wide width strip, seamless high-mid-range products, equipment and stainless steel casting to expand production, increase the proportion of fine stainless steel products, to
promote the chain to the “high end” and “terminal” up.
In 2010, Dainan were named Taizhou City, the only “innovative towns in Jiangsu Province” and “Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Industrial Park.” Jiang Su Yasheng
approved National Innovation Fund, Spark Academy approved steel workstation, steel approved nine wins provincial Innovation Fund project. Current demonstration area, with
36 high-tech enterprises, more than 220 kinds of patent product.
Review of Quality Supervision Service
Date: May 2007
Event: In order to implement the provincial government “to build the center in order to wear the south, covering the three cities of seven town one hundred billion steel industry
clusters” of strategic planning, Xinghua Dainan Quality Supervision Bureau was set up in the province s only professional testing stainless steel and products of the provincial
center.
Date: August 2008
Event: The center began to strive for a national center. After a year of hard work, the detection capability, hardware, personnel, reputation and influence have been greatly
improved, to meet the national requirements of the center, and AQSIQ in leadership and expert assessment well received.
Time: November 12, 2009
Event: AQSIQ issued a formal approval, agreed to build national Dainan Xinghua City Stainless Steel Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Center. The center will
become the first national test center in Taizhou City, is the only one across the country to establish a national center in the town.
Time: September 15, 2010
Event: Dainan at Xinghua City Stainless Steel Products State Quality Supervision and Inspection Center put into use. Establishment of national quality inspection center in the
township is still the first in the country. The center will scale steel enterprises entrusted inspection and testing services, and long for other companies to provide quality
management and quality inspection and technical training.
Dai Nanke Technology Park became the first “provincial small and medium industry cluster demonstration zone”
Stainless Steel Products is a leading industrial park
Recently, the provincial committee through a letter, published in Provincial SME Bureau of Jiangsu Province first batch of 19 small and medium industry cluster demonstration
zone list, Xinghua Dai Nanke Technology Park list. Provincial Commission by letter (provincial SMEs Council) selected demonstration areas for public facilities construction
projects, in special funds to give priority support arrangements.
Dai Nanke Dainan technology park located in the West, was founded in July 2003, the region covers an area of 8 square kilometers. 268 enterprises settled in the park, of which
118 enterprises above designated size, 260 associated supporting enterprises, 85 enterprises certified by ISO9000, ISO14000 certification by 6 enterprises.
Park, employing nearly 20,000 people, including scientific and technical personnel more than 10%; stainless steel is the park s dominant industry, accounting for clustering of its
total revenue of more than 90%; Park, China stainless steel products with national quality inspection center, post-doctoral mobile station, wearing a South Jiangsu provincial
stainless steel integrated logistics center, and stainless steel products in Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center, Dai Nannong Xinghua Village municipal workforce
training center, wearing a South Xinghua City School Community Education Center, wearing a Chinese professional market South of stainless steel scrap market, China s Dai Nam
stainless steel trading platform for the city and other public services.
Park, developed by 100 stainless steel, special steel products in the new class, 42 national patents, 8 to fill the gaps or to achieve import substitution, 12 included in the national
Torch Program, Spark Program included in the national one. The park has a daily water supply 40 000 tonnes water plant, two days dealing with more than 10,000 tons of sewage
treatment plants, sewage centralized treatment rate of 100%.
Water-based paint spraying process and equipment design should pay attention to the problem
Ma Chunqing, Li Yan Feng, bore flowers, Zhao Baogang
(China First Tractor Group Co., Ltd. Materials Technology Institute, Luoyang 471004)
Abstract: This paper describes the characteristics of water-based paint, and the spraying process and equipment design should pay attention to some of the main issues discussed.
Keywords: water-based paint; spraying; equipment design
1 Introduction
With the paint industry, paint color, variety, more efficient division of labor is also getting smaller. However, in paint manufacturing and construction process due to the large number of organic solvent emissions to the environment cause great pollution. To limit emissions of organic solvents, coatings of high solids, solvent-free, water-based growth has shown a growing trend, the industry widely shared “4E” paint (Economy, Efficiency, Ecology, Energy) referring to the paint. Among them, water-based paint is the very rapid development in recent years an area [1], but because of water-based coating, compared with solvent-based coatings, there are many differences: water-based paints with water as diluent, solvent-based coatings to toluene, xylene , butyl acetate and other organic solvents as diluent; during the spraying process and equipment design, the need to fully understand the characteristics of water-based paint, according to their characteristics in order to design a scientific and rational spray technology and equipment.
2 the characteristics of water-borne coatings [2]
Water-based paints and solvent-based coatings with a low evaporation rate compared to the high surface tension, high conductivity, corrosion resistance and easy to produce the characteristics of bubbles, leading to water-based paint in construction equipment and processes, compared with solvent-based coatings are different. Water-based paint used in the main solvent of water and solvent-based paint solvents used in some common characteristics in Table 1.
Table 1 Main characteristics of water compared with the commonly used solvents [2-3]
Evaporation of water in water-based paint by painting the main room to control temperature and humidity, and solvent-based paint thinner can be adjusted to adjust the construction of the evaporation rate of solid content. Construction of water-based paint solids content is usually 20% to 30%, while the solvent-based paint in construction of solid content as high as 60% to 70%, so the smoothness of a good water-based paint. Rheology control of coatings technology is the key to the design of water-based paint, water-based paint rheological properties shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Rheological properties of water-based paint
When the water-based spray paint, in a state of high shear, the viscosity of water-based paint declined rapidly, to ensure that the particles of the coating has a good effect; when the shear force removed, the rapid recovery of high-viscosity state, thus ensuring good metal paint orientation effects and anti-sagging properties. Water-based paints and solvent-based coatings compared to the greatest advantage is the low VOC emissions. Different process systems of VOC emissions in Table 2. Europe a “water-based paint in water-based coating + + two-component varnish” of the process system is more common to meet European standards for VOC emissions.
Table 2 coating process VOC emissions system comparison
3 water-based coating process and equipment design should be noted that some of the problems
Water-based paints and solvent-based paint coating process is basically the same, but in the selection of materials and equipment on the process parameters to be set according to the characteristics of water-based paint selection, the typical process is:
Pre-treatment [on-line pre-degreasing → washing → degreasing → washing 1 → 2 → (deionized water washing 1) → (table notes) → (phosphate) → washed washed 3 → 4 → (deionized water washing 2) → artificial Chuishui → drying] → → Spray paint strong cold leveling → → → drying → flash dry cooling (forced cooling) → spray paint leveling → → → drying → flash dry cooling (forced cooling) → offline
3.1 Pre-treatment
Various types of materials or products in all kinds of dirt paint before its removal, leveling and covering certain types of chemical conversion film of all preparatory work, collectively paint before the surface treatment. Paint surface treatment before coating technology is an important part in the whole process, the need to use cleaning agents, surface modifiers, phosphating agent, passivating, oxidizing agents and other fine chemical products, these products form a complex chemical , the performance differences, if used improperly or in use in the bath is not well controlled and managed, but adversely affect the quality of the coating [4]. As the water-based paints to water as a diluent, surface tension of water to 72.6dyn/cm, larger than the average organic solvent is an organic solvent paint used 2.5 times (Table 3), making it difficult to infiltrate the substrate, easy to produce shrinkage So on the one hand through the water-based coatings formulations added surfactant to reduce surface tension, improve wetting, on the other hand, during the pre-treatment of the workpiece when the workpiece surface quality requirements higher.
Table 3 coating the surface tension of organic solvents commonly used
3.1.1 degreasing
Degreasing of steel surfaces in strict accordance with the requirements of GB/T13312-1991 inspection and control. This method is a standard G-polar solution drops 2 drops (0.1mL) was tested on the surface, immediately coated with a glass rod into 20mm × 40mm coverage area, will experience a special type A membrane in the solution close to the oil dipstick , 1min after the observation of discoloration. If the A-type oil dipstick test color uniform, continuous integrity, that is qualified, otherwise failed. Both solvent-based paints or water-based paints, oil quality is good or bad, the quality of the product film will have a greater impact, but for spraying solvent-based coatings, the surface oil removal is not complete, the appearance of the coating defects not immediately show it, but for water-based coatings, degreasing the surface is not completely, on its surface would be difficult to form a complete coating, so water-based paint spraying, the pre-treatment quality is more important.
3.1.2 Phosphate
Phosphate coating inspection should be strictly in accordance with GB6807-1986, a 3% sodium chloride solution impregnated in 15 ~ 25 ℃, or copper sulfate solution, bit by bit. Can also be painted after the salt spray test to assess. Copper sulfate drip liquid formula is as follows: CuSO4 · 5H2O is 41g / L, NaCl is 35g / L, 0.1mol / L of HCl to 13mL / L. Water-based paint requirements of the phosphate film is basically the same with solvent-based coating, phosphate coating must be uniform complete fine without hanging gray.
Strong cold 3.2
Latent heat of evaporation of water as 2457.22kJ/kg, while painting the latent heat of evaporation of the solvent used: xylene 343.2kJ/kg, butanol is 590.2kJ/kg, ketones of 343 ~ 444kJ/kg, than those of low water , therefore the thickness of the paint coating the same cooling effect on the workpiece larger water-based coating, so that the tractor chassis, engine and other major form by the casting, coating for corrosion-based, less demanding on the workpiece surface decoration painting, can be no strong cold.
3.3 spray (bottom surface) paint
Spraying water-based paint is generally used by the air gun with the same solvent-based coatings, but the environmental conditions (mainly temperature and humidity) requirements compared with solvent-based paints there are some differences. In water-based paint spray paint room, the volume expansion of water into steam 1244 times, spray paint can instantly increase the humidity in the room, when the humidity reached 90% when applied to the material being coated on the film will be flowing down the [ 5]. Therefore, spraying water-based paint spray booth when the humidity control is important, but also to maintain the temperature does not produce flow in the range of hanging and flowing generally believed that the temperature at 15 ~ 30 ℃, relative humidity of 60% to 80% is more appropriate. Solvent due to water corrosion than large spray booth circulating water system, especially preferably made of stainless steel. Paint the room must have adequate air conditioning thermostat device. Domestic automobile paint spray booth humidity in winter can be thermostat, thermostat humidity in summer is very rare, because the required cooling capacity is too large, so little to send cold wind. Therefore, in hot and humid areas, if you use water-based paint spray booths must install central air conditioning in the summer, also needs to get cold, so as to ensure the construction quality water-based paint. Water-based coatings and solvent-based spray paint environmental conditions shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Water-based paints and solvent-based paint spray environmental conditions
3.4 flash-
Dry the coating film after the flash of leveling solvents (including water) of the pre-evaporation process, its purpose is to prevent the water contains large amounts of solvents or wet coating (water-based basecoat in the water content of about 63% [6 )] suddenly entered the high temperature (> 100 ℃) of the drying furnace. Dry process is set to flash, flash drying time and temperature according to the specific parameters used in the performance of water-based coating, the coating on the workpiece quality requirements and the required temperature drying oven to determine. In general, wet-wet process, the oven drying temperature is high (generally above 100 ℃, higher than the boiling point of water temperature), the film is high gloss and appearance requirements, procedures should be set to flash dry. Flash off time to determine, on the production line, the flash-off time is mainly affected by the chain speed. Flash off time is short, the coating is not water and solvent evaporate in time lead to pinhole after high temperature baking, prickly heat and other defects; flash dry for a long time, the film surface is too dry, the coating prone to orange peel and other defects. Flash off time to a reasonable choice, but need to increase the flash-heating zone, or prone to sagging, bubbles and other quality problems.
3.5 Drying
With design principles similar to the spray booth and drying room due to the higher moisture content in the air will cause corrosion of equipment, so the drying room wall also requires the use of stainless steel. Meanwhile, the main water-based paint thinner is water, water evaporation and spray chamber temperature and humidity have a greater relationship. When the humidity is constant, as the temperature rises, the water evaporation rate increases; when the temperature is constant, the humidity increases, water evaporation blocked; when the relative humidity is too large, slow evaporation of water, the construction process is easy to produce flow linked to other film defects. As the latent heat of evaporation of water (see Table 1), the solvent is generally 5 to 7 times the heat capacity drying chamber to a moderate increase. Meanwhile, the organic solvent evaporates slower than water, resulting in water-based paint drying time is longer, and was painted coating temperature should not be too fast. In addition to water-based coating film obtained by electrodeposition coating method, by electroosmosis so little moisture in the wet coating can be directly subjected to high temperature baking, the other a high water content of water-based coating film have to rely on dry and sub-temperature (below 100 ℃ heat for some time), the film basically evaporate the moisture before drying temperature rose to process, or due to water boiling at 100 ℃ generated intense film defects. Water in the coating, paint and solvent in the coating, paint the typical convection heating drying temperature and time curves shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4. Have such experience in the outdoor air drying clothes done fast, on the contrary, slow or poor ventilation did not dry, the air relative humidity, and also done slowly. This is the principle of water-based paint dry. Thus control the drying room to dry and air humidity on the drying time and the effect is very important.
Figure 3 Water-based paint coating, paint curing (drying) curve
Figure 4 solvent in coating, paint curing (drying) curve
3.6 automatic spray systems
The main water-based paint solvent is water with high conductivity, if the use of solvent-based paints commonly used internal power rotary cup (see Figure 5), electrostatic paint system will leak from the transmission, so early in the application of general water-based paint Use an external power rotary cup (see Figure 6).
Figure 5 Internal power rotary cup
Figure 5 Internal power rotary cup
Black acrylic enamel is priced at 18 yuan / kg, solvent price of 10 yuan / kg, while a water-based paint is priced at 25 yuan / kg, with water as solvent, the cost is negligible.
A workpiece paint consumption: 3 ~ 4kg, 4kg take solvent (dilution and cleaning) consumption: 4kg × 1 / 3 = 1.33kg
Paint cost 4kg × 18 元 / kg +1.33 kg × 10 元 / kg = 85 yuan / piece
Waterborne coatings cost: 4kg × 25 元 / kg = 100 yuan / piece
Water-based paint spray booth, room and drying room leveling the best material used for stainless steel, to prevent the construction process equipment corrosion caused by humidity, equipment costs than solvent-based coatings can increase the equipment costs about 10%. If the state or water-based coatings industry to the promulgation of fire and environmental protection facilities and equipment standards, with common fire-fighting facilities to replace automatic fire extinguishing system, water-based spray coating line is not set combustible gas alarms and gas treatment plant, you can reduce the equipment investment 500,000 yuan or more. In summary, water-based paints and solvent-based paints) in use, materials and equipment investment cost comparison, the former slightly higher than the latter, but if the water-based paint is not considered automatic fire extinguishing systems, flammable gas alarms and gas treatment device, the equipment investment is roughly equal between the two. Meanwhile, water-based paint with recyclability, according to the characteristics of the workpiece, generally 10% to 30% recyclable, then if the environmental costs, greatly improve the operating environment of workers, occupational diseases to reduce the combination of factors taken into account, the former is used, material costs also lower than the latter, so water-based paint or from the social benefits in terms of economic considerations, are fully worthy application.
Table 5 Water-based paints and solvent-based paints cost more
6 Conclusion
Solvent-based coatings and water-based paint is the fundamental difference: the use of solvent-based paint toxic, pollution, burning of the organic solvent as a diluent, but the main use of water as a water-based paint thinner. Although the performance of waterborne coatings also need to improve, but instead of solvent-based paints should be the trend. Spread of waterborne coatings is ripe in the next few years, a great water-based paints instead of solvent-based coatings overall trend. Construction technology for waterborne coatings research is very important, water-based paint on paper during the coating process and equipment design should pay attention to some of the issues briefly discussed, and its view is that during the water-based paint spraying process design, the use of some water-based paints and production units and a summary of some relevant technical information for colleagues during the relevant design reference.
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Hardware & Tools Exhibition Welding 2012 invitation
Start time: 2012-05-17
End time: 2012-05-19
Venue: Yantai International Expo Center
Contact: Sun Yanyan
Tel: 86-535-6663138
Sponsors: China Machinery and Electronic Products Circulation Association Yantai Municipal People s Government of Qingdao Jinnuo Exhibition Co., Ltd.
Organized by: Yantai Jinnuo Exhibition Co., Ltd.
Year term, professional focus
“Yantai International Hardware & Electrical Products and Welding Equipment Exhibition” colleagues at home and abroad under the joint training has been successfully held the seventh. Exhibition held every year is scheduled for May, exhibitors and visitors in the formation of a regular habit of visiting exhibitors in the industry also created a good reputation. Seventh Yantai International Hardware & Electrical Products and Welding Equipment Exhibition on May 19, 2011 to 21 in Yantai International Expo Centre, the total exhibition area of ??8,000 square meters, in the three-day exhibition period, a total of attracting 21,691 professional audience, including 82 from overseas countries and regions.
Regional advantages
As a coastal city of Yantai, with its unique geographical advantages, in collaboration with Japan and South Korea industry has an unparalleled advantage, Japan and South Korea to undertake industrial transfer is the main carrier, is the link between China and Japan and South Korea s economic bridgehead. 2011-2012, Yantai will focus on project planning and construction of industrial machinery 1186, a total investment of 237.8 billion. As the industry continued to improve in Yantai, Yantai will be the welding and metal companies a rare opportunity for development, Yantai, mechanical and electrical products for high-standard hardware and welding equipment demand will reach unprecedented growth.
Exhibitors to ensure that the value of
Jinnuo exhibition is set up earlier in Shandong Province, a professional exhibition company with a strong and stable economic strength and extensive network of clients, in the exhibition market positioning, overall planning, the whole operation has accumulated rich experience and established advanced and sophisticated buyers invitation system, hundreds of ten thousand manufacturers of accurate data, to ensure the quality and quantity of the audience, so that the value of participating exhibitors to achieve and help participants develop more potential customers. Over the years, the company has followed the repair of modern management within and outside the practice of branding, professional service, professional planning, strict operational management in the new and old customers won praise. Based on customer success, market-oriented research, as the lifeline for the exhibition visitors are Jinnuo achievements of the company s secret.
“Eighth Yantai International Hardware & Electrical Products and Welding Equipment Exhibition” will showcase the most current areas of industrial processing equipment, advanced technology products and solutions, exhibitors can access a wider range of potential customers, through this opportunity to other areas for some in-depth study, tour operators can achieve one-stop shopping concept exhibition tour.
Powerful means of promotion
Industry magazine: The magazine industry in welding and cutting metal and metal welding and cutting applications in the magazine well-publicized, so that the field of welding and cutting metal welding and cutting metal full attention to business development;
Well-known Web site: well-known applications in the industry and links to web sites do, release information, expand the visibility of the exhibition;
Show Preview: editor on the list of exhibitors and exhibits the “Show Preview” handbook, mailed to the organizing committee for many years to establish the database, 316,000 professional visitors and buyers;
Industrial Park: distribution of tickets in the major industrial areas;
The mass media: the propaganda through mass media to further expand the exhibition in various application areas of influence;
SMS: The Organizing Committee will focus on the professional master database regularly send text messages to remind customers full attention Hardware Welding Show 2012 in Yantai.
Target audience
◇ ◇ aircraft manufacturing automotive shipbuilding ◇ ◇ ◇ military elevator manufacturing machine tools manufacturing machinery ◇ ◇ ◇ equipment manufacturing iron and steel enterprises
Petrochemical ◇ ◇ ◇ metallurgical casting metal mold manufacturing and processing enterprises ◇ ◇ ◇ steel manufacturing process manufacturing power system ◇ Light
◇ ◇ instrument manufacturing boilers and pressure vessels, mechanical and electrical equipment manufacturing ◇ ◇ ◇ Machinery Machinery Import and Export Company Institute, Institute
◇ ◇ colleges metal products manufacturing machinery and materials Engineering ◇ Department of Mechanical Engineering related industries societies, associations
Well-known exhibitors over the years
Wen Deng Wei Li Mai Park Tool, Yantai greenwood tools, tool Berry Hong Kong, Hong Kong Persian tool, a powerful tool in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Taiwan parti Ingram tool tool, Taiwan An Tinto Group, the Hong Kong Eau tools, Beijing Weijia Hardware Tools, Hangzhou star Gangdun tools, pneumatic wave Ningbo Cheng, Zhe Jiang Xinxing tools, welding equipment on Haiyou Nike, Shandong Synnex welding equipment, welding equipment, Yantai, China and South Africa
Schedule
Preparation time: 14 May 2012 -16
Exhibition time: May 17, 2012 -19 days
Venue: Yantai International Expo Center (East laishan Sports Park)
The exhibition
Hardware & Tools:
? Hardware tools: auto maintenance equipment, hydraulic machines, power tools, pneumatic tools, hand tools, polishing tools, pneumatic tools, hydraulic tools, explosion-proof tools, grinding tools, measuring tools, scales measuring tools, garden tools, auto maintenance tools, from heavy tools, cutting tools, agricultural tools, material handling tools, car kit, plumbing tools, DIY tools, civil engineering tools, woodworking machinery, grinding, sanding machine, tool, tools, machinery, steel, etc.;
? Hardware: Casters, (hanging) rigging, locks, metal accessories, tools, etc.; construction hardware, decorative hardware, plumbing hardware, to warm the hardware, furniture hardware, sanitary ware, hardware castings, door and window hardware and accessories; safe, scissors , stainless steel products, iron and metal products.
Machinery and electronic products:
? pumps, valves, air compressors, electric motors, generators, gear, water supply and drainage equipment.
Welding, cutting class:
? marking machine, laser welding and electron beam welding, laser cutting and processing equipment; gas welding, gas cutting equipment, heat treatment, thermal cutting, induction heating equipment, thermal spray equipment and auxiliary equipment;
stainless steel investment casting
? arc welding equipment, submerged arc, gas welding equipment; bolt welding, gas tungsten arc welding equipment; resistance welding equipment, welding mask, welding equipment, electric bolt, solid state pressure welding equipment, electroslag welding equipment, plasma arc welding equipment, welding equipment, brazing and soldering equipment, welding equipment, electron beam, friction welding and other specialty welding equipment, gas cutting torch and auxiliary equipment;
? Welding, cutting, sawing, cutting, cutting red production equipment; plasma cutting machine, laser cutting machine, shearing machine, hydraulic cutting machines, pipe cutting machines, bending equipment, cutting machines and other metal processing equipment;
? industrial robots and automatic welding equipment; assembly, installation, handling, spraying, cutting operating systems and other automated manufacturing equipment and industrial robots;
? auxiliary equipment and a variety of fixtures: industrial gases, welding carriage, wire feeder, roller racks; welding on occupational safety and health;
? welding consumables: welding electrodes, welding wire, welding flux, flux and solder powder, etc.;
? inspection and test equipment and instrumentation, power supply, wire and cable, program monitoring and testing equipment.
Participation Fee
Standard booth (3 × 3 / 9 ㎡) double entrance booths, plus 10% of the interior space (36 m from) the outdoor space (36 m from)
Domestic enterprises RMB5800 / booth RMB600 / ㎡ RMB500 / ㎡
Foreign enterprises USD 1200 / Booth USD 120 / ㎡ USD100 / ㎡
Facilities three panels, one table, two chairs, side fascia, 220V power outlet (5A/500W pay a deposit), spotlights no facilities, special equipment management fee from the exhibitors themselves
Technical seminars: organizer provides space, lighting, lectern, chairs, water, sound, whiteboard, projector 4000 yuan / 2 hours.
Exhibitors are
Exhibitors Fill out the application form → → stamp mail or fax to the Organizing committee confirmed their participation status → → Exhibitors remit within a week will cost money and reprint fax to the Organizing Committee Organizing Committee → the organizing committee by order of registration, payment arrangements in order 年 4 月 booth → 2012 balance paid before 30 → booth completely determined
Conference reception, accommodation, exhibits shipment, etc. See <>
Note: 1 Application Deadline: April 30, 2012;
2, booth exhibitors have no right to rent or transfer a third party, have no right in any way to do advertising for non-exhibitors, or host
Bit the right to cancel the exhibition site qualification.
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Stainless steel faucet analysis of industry could not hold
Supor has a stainless steel pot from the “raw manganese” event, to the stainless steel “rust”, the stainless steel industry is facing “The Tempest” Some could not hold, and a look of stainless steel faucet trends it.
Recently to understand the current bathroom faucet hardware store marketing, sales and marketing, and found from the most common twenty or thirty dollars to hundreds of thousands of dollars of high-end brands, use different brands of kitchen taps the same price disparity.
With the stainless steel faucet manufacturing process in the country gradually mature, whether in production or on grade, stainless steel faucet has greatly improved, although a smaller share in the domestic market, but because of their health, environmental protection, durability, etc., in recent years more and more consumers, leading gradually to seize market share copper, stainless steel bathroom faucet has become the industry s development trend.
In addition, in recent years, the whole bathroom space with a big bathroom brands strive to pursue the development of the object, the traditional ceramic sanitary ware brand in order to obtain a bigger market pie, fully integrated bathroom, hardware accessories and the overall design of the advantages of space, a bathroom industry, another major growth market. Domestic faucet manufacturer is also by virtue of this channel, began to enter the industry in high-end brand market.
Selling style VS selling Quality
In the brilliant plumbing store, I see the tap is generally two or three hundred of the price within the individual leading to more high-end antique 800 yuan. Both in the shape of the basin leading a price of almost $ 170 while the next is up to 360 yuan, Purchasing Guide tells us: “In fact, a closer look, they are different, this thick, a lot of your waist to use it is better quality, but also our latest styles, of course, expensive. ”
The author based in China Sanitary Ware store has also been marketing a similar response, except that they show the hall where the balance of up to two taps, the taps in the various showroom models accounted for nearly half of the area, the price difference also great, from the most common twenty or thirty dollars to nearly thousand dollars, but most are still concentrated in the four hundred dollars price range or less. This service booth explained: “Because this is based, so all models will be produced here displayed, there is we have our own factory, has a production base in brilliant, so many styles, like some stickers card companies, they are often less style. “I asked a high price of the product to the store, she said these are new companies, but also the most popular design on the market, because of the high cost of the new design, Although the price of your points, very popular with consumers. She said the company s product positioning in the mid-range, cost is particularly high, the store selling the product is already discounted price, based on the play, which is easily accepted by consumers.
In another brand of faucet did not identify the store, the price tag most of the above within the two hundred yuan, when asked about the actual retail price, the boss did not give a fixed discount, the price of each style but their random given, if the wholesale price, but also cheaper.
Compared with ordinary leader, some well-known brands of faucets pay more attention to product quality and practicality. Benefit of the bathroom inside the store, I see the show table shows some of the taps, according to the manager explained, because the decoration to be upgraded, and now the store s display products can be sold directly, and 4.5 fold for special treatment, if usually in the warehouse getting goods at least 30% off. The remaining taps, price is generally six or seven hundred. Small a basin faucet, not even the special features on the surface, looks very ordinary, the price of three hundred yuan. When I asked why and she said it was determined the quality of products, there is the after-sales service. “We have a shelf life of five years, one year warranty period can, in fact, to spend ten years our products have no problem, and you see those styles actually used cheaper products will soon be broken up. “manager of its interpretation of the price to do so.
TOTO s high prices in the store brand is far more prominent. I saw in the store, the same cabinet basin faucet, where the lowest bid should be more than 1,000 yuan, or even your $ 37 million, and ordinary shower faucet is a thousand dollars. According to Miss Ho Purchasing Guide describes the store, some one thousand of those three taps are imported from Germany, the price of high tariffs and freight with a great relationship, and those who are a little cheaper in domestic production. Miss Ho also introduced several leading production in Dalian, those leading style are quite satisfactory, and did not form a complex process, it seems very common. When asked why such a simple style to sell expensive, the Miss Ho smiled and explained: “Our product does not depend on style design, but by the quality of which several are more like the classic style, without too much popular colors our company s factory produces only one of each thing, as you just saw the faucet on only in Dalian production. production process, every process is rigorously checked, so it is highly normative. “In the shop in a circle tour carefully, I found that the bathroom products are% off store, discount store than the other to be higher.
According to industry analysts, squeezing the face of foreign brands, domestic enterprises need to tap the face of how to keep the domestic market share and continue to expand the international market the dual problem. In a buyer s market, products, technologies, services, three essential, which is the core competitiveness of the brand. In fact, do not have to import high-end, not low in China, many foreign companies looking for Chinese OEM is an obvious example. But in fact, Chinese-made products are used in high-end faucet place is really rare.
“Lack of high-end brand for an industry, not a good thing. Take the leading industry, we all crowded on the boat to middle and low, there must be part of the business was packed badly beaten. Competitors, and more , and we are obsessed with the price war, the one who would be willing to price sales. “a dealer friend told the author. Most domestic plumbing brands still remain competitive in the price level, even some famous brand enterprises, largely rely on elegant, fashionable and popular design to raise prices, and improve product quality and grades improved, and companies are seems weak and vague goals.
Brass faucet Stainless Steel Faucet VS
With the stainless steel faucet manufacturing process in the country gradually mature, regardless of manufacturer or grade, stainless steel faucet has greatly improved, but also in the material, stainless steel, healthier, more environmentally friendly 100% recycled. Stainless steel faucet in the country is an emerging product, although a smaller share in the domestic market, but because of their health, environmental protection, durability, etc., in recent years more and more consumers, and as manufacturing technology maturity will also become increasingly popular, leading to seize more market share copper, stainless steel bathroom faucet will become the future industry trends.
There are four main faucet material, namely copper, PVC materials, cast iron, stainless steel, while the domestic market, mostly in the high-end faucet copper as the main raw material. According to experts, often leading casting of copper and copper content of lead is 4% -8%, if the tap when not in a long time, will produce the green patina wall, which released the existence of substances may lead to the water inside, drinking lead too much water can cause lead poisoning, not only will affect the growth of intelligence of consumers, but also seriously affect the health impact on children will be even greater.
Copper rust easily, so the surface is usually copper plating, that is, the surface layer of nickel or chromium plating, and plating the pros and cons depending on the quality of its plating, thickness, will gradually peel off. Fast by year, slowly losing those 3-5 years, surface gloss, from the pits, and finally plating layer peeling off, exposing the rust, affecting the appearance and use, requiring constantly changing, which resulted in waste of resources. The electroplating wastewater generated by the environmental pollution is very serious.
In our interview, found that almost all businesses have said they are copper material made of copper taps, according to industry sources said some of his peers, in fact, many companies do not pass quality copper material, copper faucet because of some middle and low electroplating process is poor, does not take a year or two out will fall off that layer of plating layer, so it is prone to rust.
I understand that, do not tap the surface of stainless steel plating, which requires only surface polishing, grinding and other physical treatment process, and maintain a permanent bright shiny silver, never rust, more environmentally friendly and durable, and easy to clean.
In addition, copper is expensive, and the price is volatile, and has been the rise. A professional production of total faucet business Kwong this bluntly: “Now for us, the impact of rising copper is the biggest factor in our little yard, do OEM, or rely on a little bit of difference to maintain. “Copper prices, if you tap along with prices, may lead to loss of customers, not price increases profit margins narrow and difficult to sustain an OEM type companies, which also contributed to many strong brands began to enter the stainless steel faucet product development and production.
investment casting manufacturers
Benefits up to sanitary a company official said, their use is the leading copper A-59 copper, the price of each quarter in 45000-50000 yuan float, and 304 stainless steel (not steel) cost about 34,000 yuan / ton , the current domestic and foreign copper taps are the most high-end, more high-end market positioning. Compared to copper, stainless steel faucet relatively hard material, waterways bad casting, and sealing is not good, but look more beautiful and beneficial to human health, hygiene and environmental protection, but also more durable.
It is reported that many domestic metal plumbing manufacturers as early as five years ago, started to develop stainless steel faucet, but the stainless steel its hardness, toughness, solvent casting and machining in copper is much harder than the high cost. These manufacturers are either not yet developed, or has abandoned the development, or only one or two styles developed. In the international brands, Hansgrohe, China Yida and other brands already have the production of stainless steel faucet.
A leading corporate responsibility argue that the taps on the domestic market, mainly copper, zinc alloy and plastic more, stainless steel faucet and did not get a lot of production use, because the stainless steel faucet brass faucet manufacturing process as simple as that. Stainless steel faucet casting process is very complex and expensive consumables. Moreover, the leading stainless steel casting process development in China was 10 years, manufacturers less, difficult.
Production center of the outlet of a sanitary industry sources said the stainless steel faucet in the outlet does not yet possible to get a lot of production, mainly to cost you, not many companies can afford such a risk. More than a thousand companies in the outlet, but one or two large scale, extensive use of copper process can only lead to over-water production. Because all the pipes with copper is very expensive, and now generally used outlet “over the water of copper”, that is, outside the protective layer made of zinc alloy, which touch on the use of copper water pipe.
Another name also points to the whole of the professional managers of local tap market development status of small businesses with copper, a large number of large companies also use copper. Now in China, the leading copper production is the most commonly used materials. How many is not the production of stainless steel, but there is no direct production of the whole number of companies are leading zinc alloy, unlike some places overseas, many of them directly over the water with zinc alloy. Stainless steel expensive, not many production plants, do not need to say, zinc alloy plating well, it is difficult to wear, in general no problem with a six or seven years.
The author investigated a number of building materials market, found that most stores are brass faucet, only a few home is dedicated to selling stainless steel faucet, there is still a part of the imported products. But some domestic production of stainless steel faucet brand seems to have quite a mature technology, not only in the performance of the design style was very innovative, but also in the varieties covered basin faucet, Caipen faucet, bathroom cabinet faucet, shower faucet in various fields such as traditional leader .
Moen bathroom in the store I see here the price of stainless steel faucet normally between $ 1500-2000, and the store price of copper tap between 800-1200, but listen to the store s shopping guide introduction, where the product are produced in the country, as has production bases in Guangzhou, the price is cheaper than the imported products, but due to stainless steel in the domestic consumer awareness is not high, and whether high or low-end brand, customer or choose more cost-effective, so we hit the store copper is 30% off retail faucet, and stainless steel although the cost is higher, but can only hit 4.5 fold, in fact, compared with the price of two products are similar, mainly to see what products their favorite customers.
Branding and OEM road
From the 1990s onward, due to mainland China to speed up the process of opening up, Chinese and foreign manufacturers of large tap China s huge market potential and advantages of resources, competing to increase investment in mainland China. There are a number of international brands in China do OEM, and gradually cultivated a Chinese manufacture and supply of high-end bathroom chain. Today, some domestic bathroom plumbing business has grown up, have moved to a foster their own brand development, such as the brilliant, nine, animal husbandry, the buildings, Shenluda the bathroom plumbing business established in the domestic taps market position, while some of the traditional emphasis on ceramic bathroom brands in the use of their fast growth of the channel edge, popular in recent years by means of the overall market to expand the concept of bathroom taps market for development.
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Forging and die casting difference
1 proposed to distinguish between die casting and die forging (liquid forging) pieces, at least two manufacturers of meaningful units:
First, some domestic intermediaries, including parts and the whole factory. They undertake external components, and then find some manufacturers in the country. Since both rough vary its production process, the current market price is not the same, which generally offer higher than the former. If not distinguish between the two rough, as in the quotation to undertake the business press reported the casting of low-cost, will be operational errors, affecting the efficiency or loss; the second is a professional manufacturer of castings and forgings. Since the latter is that casting can be produced by conventional casting process, then the business down. After the opening of the die-casting mold, die-casting process to produce the final largely because there are rough Shrinkage defects or surface flaws, rough failure, eventually resulting in unnecessary losses.
2 die forging, casting and forging liquid forging technology with the relationship
Continuous casting and forging process of nature, that is, with a single device, with a mold, the casting and forging for the completion of filling. Continuous casting and forging process is not a new technology, its principles have a long history. The most typical and most simple continuous casting and forging process, is the familiar liquid forging (Molten forging) process. The die forging process, the image that it is a special equipment with a higher degree of automation to produce a structure as complex as with ordinary liquid casting forging. Because of this, die forging and casting in general appearance, we were not easy to come out. And continuous casting and forging process produced similar rough quality, the “first cast after forging” process. After the forging process before we cast a very common: rough total of two sets of production tooling, a common metal used for casting hand, another set is used with friction or hydraulic punch machine to complete the forging. Die forging process is only in recent years, the rise in the international process, due to patent restrictions, the process in China is still rare. Electrical Technology Co., Ltd. Guangdong Zhaoqing Hong Silver is a pioneer in the introduction of this technology of foreign production. Has been produced, including sports forging piston, a small cylinder, extreme sports motorcycle frame (6061 material), the small wheel including a variety of rough.
3 Introduction to die forging process
Die forging process is a kind of special die forging machines to complete the process. The basic process is: first, low-or high-speed liquid metal casting filling into the mold cavity, the mold cavity surface are active, it is with the cooling process of liquid metal forging pressure, not only to eliminate the rough Shrinkage Defect, but also to the internal organization of rough forging state of broken grains. Rough overall mechanical properties has been significantly improved. In addition, the process produced a rough outer surface finish to achieve 7 (Ra1.6), such as cold extrusion process or machined surfaces, have a metallic luster. Therefore, we will die forging process known as “extreme forming process” than “no cutting, less margin forming process” goes a step further. Another advantage of die forging process is characterized, in addition to production of traditional casting material, it can be used wrought alloys, wrought alloy to produce a structure very complex parts. Grades of these alloys include: hard aluminum super-hard alloy, forged alloy, such as LY11, LY12, 6061,6063, LYC, LD, etc.). These materials tensile strength than ordinary cast alloy nearly doubled, for the aluminum alloy car wheels, frame and so hopes to produce a higher intensity of impact-resistant materials, components, have a more positive meaning.
4 How to distinguish between these two rough
From the appearance it is difficult to distinguish between these two processes produced by the blanks. If you see a part has been processed, it is difficult to distinguish the. Therefore, we can only reverse analysis to determine: First, die-casting in general is “structural parts”, and die forging is the “functional parts.” “Structural parts”, and “functional parts” is relative. The latter usually mean it takes to withstand impact, temperature, pressure, strength (force) and by the surface treatment (such as anodic oxidation), heat treatment (solid solution hardening) and so on. A typical product is the engine block, wheels, pistons, connecting rods, brake shoes, pneumatic or hydraulic valve (such as the common 5/3-way valve), etc. The former, such as door frames, instrument panels, engine housings. Second, to judge from the material composition. Because casting classes are generally cast alloy, for other brands of alloy, is often produced with die forging process. Third, from the rough outer surface of the processing requirements of their judgments on. Such as aluminum die casting, because it contains silicon, and due to die-casting process produced by the rough, outer surface with microscopic pores (called “Watermark”), this material would be anodized surface after the “black spots.” Therefore, the rough such as requiring anodizing is not such a rough production with ordinary casting process. Fourth, from the microstructure of judgments. Forging and die-casting on the microstructure is easy to distinguish. The former is a dendritic cast structure, which is evenly broken grains of forging state organization.
5 to eliminate some of the erroneous views
First, we can not say that after using the vacuum infiltration casting, die casting to solve existing Shrinkage defects, can not believe that you can use a vacuum die-casting process, production of continuous casting and forging process to produce functional parts to be . When the line has been progress in technology, the concept and ideology of the times we will have a scientific attitude. Second, ordinary vacuum die-casting and die casting, as there Shrinkage defects; vacuum die-casting, it s just an ordinary die than play a little in the secondary role of the exhaust process, the metal-liquid phase transition of the contraction produced by reduction holes and shrinkage (the interior is a vacuum, no gas), it is no way of. Third, the professionals most likely to commit errors, that is, that knows not only the rough production with ordinary casting process, but the choice is called “reverse punch indirect and partial extrusion” process to produce. They think this process and the effect of liquid to be the same forging process, which is completely wrong. “Reverse punch extrusion” process of nature, it is still a die-casting process! Only the “positive forging punch full projected area” of the kind, is the real liquid forging process.