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Judgment of the sticky sand castings chemical
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forging company – China Manufacturer
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Casting surface, firm adhesion of the sticky sand defects can be divided into two kinds of machinery sticky sand and chemical bonded sand. Chemical sticky sand because of the high-temperature liquid metal in the metal oxides, mainly for the Fe0 MnO and sand, silica from a chemical reaction to generate silicate ferrous (iron olivine, silicate Asia manganese, manganese olivine, etc.) The low melting point compounds, able to penetrate to the type of sand castings and molding sand with a strong adhesion, the type of sand can be a solid adhesion to the casting surface to form a chemical bonded sand, occurring mainly in the steel casting (especially the thick-walled large and high
Manganese steel pieces). Water glass sand oxygenated sodium cause cast iron to form a chemical reaction, chemical bonded sand. Machinery sticky sand is a liquid metal directly penetrate into the pores between the sand particles, depend on the metal surrounded by and hook with sand mechanical link together, there is no chemical reaction occurs.
I am the actual operation to remove a sticky sand: cast iron cavity, and then broken up into the conical flask, then add hydrochloric acid, stationary night. (Phenomenon: the beginning of a large number of bubbles, bubbles and then gradually slowing down; The next day the color of the solution is brown, sticky sand is dissolved.) Before doing the experiment, the magnet can suck a piece of sticky sand.
Conclusion: According to the chemical bonded sand to produce the principles and practice of the operation can be determined, the sticky sand is chemically bonded sand. Because the sticky sand block and no traces of sand, the final solution is dissolved can attest to that. A large number of bubbles is due to iron and hydrochloric acid to generate hydrogen. Solution and finally brown because of iron and hydrochloric acid generated unstable ferrous chloride and oxygen in the air, oxidation of the ferric chloride.
The main preventive measures to prevent chemical sticky sand:
1) selection of appropriate modeling system core materials, lost wax castings such as high purity silica sand, especially chromite sand. Also select someone advocates alkaline or neutral substances such as manganese ore sand, olive stone as raw sand. Well as the proposal selection of the sintering tendency or fusible sand can be generated in the metal mold interface, such as high refractoriness, low around the junction temperature clay. However, the effect of chromite sand for the best.
2) selection of zircon powder sintered coatings, insulating layer between the liquid metal and mold, core.
3) improve the conditions of possible mold, core compaction, reduce pouring height, reducing the pressure of the liquid metal.
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The choice of the new cast hot forging die steel tempering process
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casting plant – China Manufacturer
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http://www.steel-casting-forging.com/key-casting-plant-45/
1 Introduction
Press die forging, hammer forging die to work at a high temperature, mold temperature is often at 200 ℃ ~ 300 ℃, the surface temperature up to 450 ° C to 550 ° C, the mold often fail due to thermal fatigue
and thermal wear, the choice of the heat treatment process directly The impact of mold wear resistance and thermal fatigue resistance, determines the life of the mold. The CHD steel Jilin University of Technology
developed a new type of self-Cast Hot Work Die Steel, do not change forging the steel, to minimize the allowance can be widely used in automotive, agricultural and other industries, has broad application
prospects. In this paper, the CHD steel tempering process, to improve its strength and toughness to meet the requirements of the Die.
Two test materials and methods
New Cast Hot Work Die Steel (CHD steel), chemical composition of the table below.
Table CHD steel chemical composition of mass fraction w (%)
C, of Cr of Mo of Ni W V Si Mn P S
0.1 ~ 0.5 1.0 ~ 5.0 0.3 2.0 1.0 ~ 2.0 0 ~ 3.0 0.2 ~ 1.0 ≤ 0.4 ≤ 0.4 ≤ 0.03 ≤ 0.03
50kg intermediate frequency induction furnace melting, 1600 ° C inserted Al deoxidation of steel, the package of Ti, Nb, RE, Ca, bred and deterioration, pouring sand in the wedge-shaped specimen. SX2-10-12
box-type resistance furnace heat treatment, 1070 ° C normalizing preprocessing, 1010 ℃ quench and different tempering temperature of the sample processed into 10mm × 10mm × 55mm (U-shaped notch)
impact specimen, 10mm x 10mm × 20mm hardness of the specimen. HR150 hardness and HMIS microhardness tester, hardness testing, impact testing in JB-5 impact test machine, using D / max-r X-ray diffraction
for structural analysis.
3 test results and analysis
Figure 1 shows the hardness and impact toughness of of CHD steel under different tempering temperature. Be seen below 450 ℃, with the tempering temperature, the hardness of the steel of CHD decline in
the increase in impact toughness; more than 500 ° C, the hardness increase impact toughness decreased in the lowest 550 ℃ hardness, impact toughness. More than 550 ℃, impact toughness, although the rise,
but the hardness of a sharp decline.
Figure 1 of tempering temperature on hardness and impact toughness of
Die steel heat treatment process selection principle is to obtain the appropriate strength and toughness (about 40 HRC, of ak ≥ 15J/cm2). Die traditional heat treatment process is high quenching back, so that
the mold can maintain the stability of the organization after high temperature tempering, the common 5CrMnMo steel selected 550 ° C and tempering process. Two tempering temperature to choose from, and
tempered at 600 ℃ according to traditional methods of selection (hardness 41.2HRC, impact toughness 17J/cm2), can also choose 450 ° C temper (hardness 43.6HRC for CHD steel, ductile impact degree
20.8J/cm2).
In the production and application of assessment, according to the application conditions of the mold, 450 ℃ tempering, Changchun tractor factory 3t forging hammer, forging a 12-horsepower tractor axle flange,
field application results show that: tempering at 450 ℃ treated CHD steel die life (5800) times higher than that of to forging 5CrMnMo mold (2500 ~ 3000), and surface wear lighter, less thermal fatigue crack [1].
Hardness changes after the failure of Figure 2 two kinds of mold steel
From the surface in the center of the microhardness curve in Figure 2 for the field application of the CHD steel mold and forging 5CrMnMo steel mold failure. Visible of CHD steel surface and sub-surface hardening
steel 5CrMnMo softening phenomenon. CHD steel specimens and failure mold sampling by X-ray diffraction testing, found the CHD steel molds in use a large number of dynamic precipitation of carbide. Carbide
precipitation not only improve the wear resistance of the mold surface and hinder the thermal fatigue crack propagation [2,3]. In this way, during use, the mold cavity surface temperature to 550 ° C high
temperature contact with the workpiece, the mold surface due to the secondary carbides precipitated secondary hardening, surface hardening, increase the red hardness of the cavity surface and abrasion
resistance; the temperature of the mold in the center of always much lower than the surface temperature to maintain the morphology of lath martensite and lower bainite, while the high strength and toughness
[4], this gradient of the organization and performance can meet the requirements of the red hardness and toughness Die work.
4 Conclusion
(1) of CHD steel 550 ℃ tempering secondary hardening, and tempering at 450 ℃ has a high strength and toughness.
(2) of CHD steel tempering temperature is selected at 450 ° C, in the mold during use dynamic precipitation of a large number of carbides, the table hard heart and tough \"the gradient of the organization and
performance.
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pipe water supply network – cast iron pipes in water supply networks is the use of a pipe up to
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Cast iron pipe production profiles?
Developed countries from the sixties began to phase out the ordinary gray cast iron pipe, ductile iron pipe commonly used, now
the annual output of about 600 tons of product specifications for the DN50 ~ 2900mm, of which U.S. annual production of 150 to
180 million tons, Japan annual output of 900,000 tons, annual output of 60 to 800,000 tons in France, Germany, annual output
400,000 tons, annual output of 200,000 tons the United Kingdom. France Moson bridge company, Kubota Corporation of Japan as the
world\\ s large-scale, technologically advanced tube manufacturers.
Currently foreign ductile iron pipe casting technology, mainly used in water-cooled metal mold centrifugal casting technology.
But Japan\\ s large-diameter tubes lined centrifugal casting resin sand technology; CIS region with a large diameter tube is semi-
continuous casting technology (with heat treatment annealing process).
(2) overview of the domestic production of cast iron pipe?
China has more than 200 casting factory, annual output of about 120 million tons, these manufacturers are mainly semi-continuous
casting technology to produce gray cast iron pipe, through technical innovation in recent years, part of the casting plant, shift
production of ductile iron pipe, there are some plants out of . ?
China 1985 from Germany, the United States introduced a water-cooled metal mold centrifugal casting technology and equipment;
China also developed its own water-cooled metal, heat-mode method and the centrifuge tube liner resin sand production line
process. Ductile iron pipe is now China\\ s production capacity of 100 tons / year, diameter from DN100 ~ DN2200mm, so that our
ductile iron pipe casting technology, has been good to catch up and reach the international level, pipe, pipe fittings meet the
domestic demand, but also a certain amount of exports.
(2.1) pipe market?
(2.1.1) ductile iron pipe is the main water supply pipe network
A. City water supply network features require ductile iron pipe
· City water supply pipeline is distributing drinking water, and must meet the health requirements lining material.
Cement mortar lined ductile iron pipe, the pipe water supply meet the health requirements; if transport water quality unstable,
then the mortar should be brushing the inner surface of the resin to protect health level, which is not worse than the non-
metallic pipe.
· City water supply pipeline is to transport the water pressure must have bearing pressure of the pipeline functionality.
Ductile iron pipe can withstand more than 2.0Mpa water pressure within the above, it is stronger than the non-metallic pipe.
· City water supply pipeline is laid in the road below, the pipeline must have a static load of soil and ground to withstand
dynamic load function.
Ductile iron piping elongation, stiffness, tensile strength of large metal pipes, the soil under static load and dynamic load
capacity of the ground is usually stronger than other pipes. Of course, if the casing is too shallow, too deep, they should be
determined by the structure of the relevant measures.
• City water supply pipes branch pipe specifications and large quantities.
Ductile iron pipe fittings, complete specifications, needs to adapt to the new installation, but also to adapt to running water
connection of branch pipes need to keep it easy to solve than the non-metallic pipe.
* The following line types of urban roads and more compact layout, staggered facades, change frequently, which requires the pipe
adaptable, easy off loaded.
Ductile iron pipe system flexible interface, easy folding equipment, the ability to better withstand local subsidence,
particularly in groundwater or pipe a small amount of remaining water conditions is easier to maintain, difficult to repair than
the small non-metallic pipe.
· City roads following rain, leaking sewage pipes easy, soil corrosion resistance, good corrosion resistance requirements of the
pipeline.
Ductile iron pipe is usually zinc coating the outer surface of the first layer, then spraying asphalt protection, which is weaker
than the non-metallic pipe, but stronger than steel.
• The shape of urban roads have been planned under the conditions of the road the following requirements are not long-term
maintenance of the pipeline.
Ductile iron pipe is usually 50 to 100 years of life, than the chemical and steel pipe and long service life.
B. The current status of urban water supply networks formed, suggesting the prospect of ductile iron pipe
· China\\ s urban water supply networks in more than 80% of cast iron pipe, in recent years, the phasing out of the gray cast iron
pipe, heavy use of ductile iron pipe.
· In 1996, China Taipei laying 3412km pipeline, accounting for 84.82% ductile iron pipe.
· Tokyo, Japan City water supply network, ductile iron pipe about 90%.
· United States in recent years, the annual water supply pipes installed 230,000 km, accounting for 47.7% ductile iron pipe.
(2.1.2) urban water supply networks can not use a single pipe
Above, ductile iron pipe is the city\\ s main water supply pipe network in foreign countries are between DN50 ~ 2900mm ductile iron
pipe products in the domestic DN100 ~ 2200mm ductile iron pipe between a product, but does not indicate the city water supply
network to use a single pipe for the following reasons:
A. DN ≥ 1400mm and DN ≤ 200mm ductile iron pipe, cast difficult, relatively high price.
B. large diameter ductile iron pipe fittings, casting difficult, relatively high price.
C. large diameter ductile iron pipe wall book, bearing, socket end easily deformed, pipe laying.
In summary, the urban water supply in the domestic network, ductile iron pipe for DN300 ~ 1200mm should be within.
(2.2) should pay attention to the promotion of several ductile iron pipe
A. Quality control is the key pipe
· Ductile iron pipe is different from the gray cast iron pipe casting, casting industry, it is the high product, choose it from
the raw materials and quality control of each process, there are stringent requirements.
· Ductile iron raw material requirements of phosphorus ≤ 0.1%, sulfur ≤ 0.015%, or should dephosphorization, desulfurization
measures.
· Melting of cast iron hot metal, hot metal and then to improve the furnace temperature of 1550 ℃ or so.
· Subsequently added magnesium, calcium, cerium and other rare earth metals or alkaline earth metal ball agent, so that the
graphite in cast iron containing tissue from the sheet into a ball;
· Add the hot metal ball agent after the rapid test should spectrometer molten iron content of the main chemical elements and
microstructure analysis.
Main content should meet the requirements of chemical elements (carbon 3.6 ~ 3.75%; silicon 1.8 to 2.1%; Mn ≤ 0.4%; P ≤ 0.05%;
S ≤ 0.02%; magnesium 0.03 ~ 0.05%; 0.01 to 0.03% rare earth elements).
According to GB9441-88 standard metallographic examination, requiring the ball to two of the main level; ball more than 80%;
graphite size of 6 to 7 (at 400 times the field, the ball diameter of 1.5 ~ 4mm) , the number of graphite nodules 600 ~ 800 /
mm2; cementite ≤ 1%; small diameter pipes of ferritic ≥ 90%, 85% of large diameter tube around (ball control in the light body
within 8 to 12%).
· After the quick inspection, the molten iron into steel in 10-15 minutes into the tube in the centrifugal casting.
· This tube can be heat-treated ductile cast iron pipe into the (medium and small diameter pipe extension rate should be ≥ 10%;
large-diameter pipe extension rate should be ≥ 7%).
· According to ISO2531-91 international standards, such mechanical properties of ductile iron pipe as follows: Tensile strength
≥ 420MPa; bending strength ≥ 590MPa; yield point strength ≥ 300MPa; Brinell hardness ≤ 230.
· According to ISO8179-1995 standard, the outer coating should be zinc + bitumen, spraying the surface of the pipe should be
clean, warm conditions, the provisions of spray zinc ≥ 130g/m2, tar, bitumen coating layer thickness of about 0.08mm. Now many
users ignore this requirement zinc spray, zinc abroad clearly only the surface layer and combined into one tube, and then only
after spraying asphalt on the pipe to provide effective protection.
· According to ISO4179-1985 standard, the inner surface of pipe shall be cement mortar lining, Japan is also hygienic surface
coating of mortar unsaturated resin.
· Pipe, pipe welding, repair welding of some plant specific measures, some plants that are not verbal welding, repair welding
and there in fact the case. As a user, in principle, agreed to pipe, pipe fittings to welding; the international standards
mentioned, if the pipes and fittings for the repair welding, and review by the appropriate test, the proposed instructions to the
user causes the user to the intended receiving for sale.
· Pipe pressure test by the root, factory inspection, removal of iron bearing tumors in the mouth, polishing, brushing socket
sanitary apron face of epoxy resin, pipe diameter ≥ 400mm, suggested that during the transport and stacking, socket end should
be added within the support.
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pipe water supply network – cast iron pipes in water supply networks is the use of a pipe up to
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investment casting company – China Manufacturer
Thank you for inquiry my investment casting company, Tel:0086-574-27851019 E-MAIL:thomas@steel-casting-forging.com
http://www.steel-casting-forging.com/key-investment-casting-companies-27/
Cast iron pipe production profiles?
Developed countries from the sixties began to phase out the ordinary gray cast iron pipe, ductile iron pipe commonly used, now
the annual output of about 600 tons of product specifications for the DN50 ~ 2900mm, of which U.S. annual production of 150 to
180 million tons, Japan annual output of 900,000 tons, annual output of 60 to 800,000 tons in France, Germany, annual output
400,000 tons, annual output of 200,000 tons the United Kingdom. France Moson bridge company, Kubota Corporation of Japan as the
world\\ s large-scale, technologically advanced tube manufacturers.
Currently foreign ductile iron pipe casting technology, mainly used in water-cooled metal mold centrifugal casting technology.
But Japan\\ s large-diameter tubes lined centrifugal casting resin sand technology; CIS region with a large diameter tube is semi-
continuous casting technology (with heat treatment annealing process).
(2) overview of the domestic production of cast iron pipe?
China has more than 200 casting factory, annual output of about 120 million tons, these manufacturers are mainly semi-continuous
casting technology to produce gray cast iron pipe, through technical innovation in recent years, part of the casting plant, shift
production of ductile iron pipe, there are some plants out of . ?
China 1985 from Germany, the United States introduced a water-cooled metal mold centrifugal casting technology and equipment;
China also developed its own water-cooled metal, heat-mode method and the centrifuge tube liner resin sand production line
process. Ductile iron pipe is now China\\ s production capacity of 100 tons / year, diameter from DN100 ~ DN2200mm, so that our
ductile iron pipe casting technology, has been good to catch up and reach the international level, pipe, pipe fittings meet the
domestic demand, but also a certain amount of exports.
(2.1) pipe market?
(2.1.1) ductile iron pipe is the main water supply pipe network
A. City water supply network features require ductile iron pipe
· City water supply pipeline is distributing drinking water, and must meet the health requirements lining material.
Cement mortar lined ductile iron pipe, the pipe water supply meet the health requirements; if transport water quality unstable,
then the mortar should be brushing the inner surface of the resin to protect health level, which is not worse than the non-
metallic pipe.
· City water supply pipeline is to transport the water pressure must have bearing pressure of the pipeline functionality.
Ductile iron pipe can withstand more than 2.0Mpa water pressure within the above, it is stronger than the non-metallic pipe.
· City water supply pipeline is laid in the road below, the pipeline must have a static load of soil and ground to withstand
dynamic load function.
Ductile iron piping elongation, stiffness, tensile strength of large metal pipes, the soil under static load and dynamic load
capacity of the ground is usually stronger than other pipes. Of course, if the casing is too shallow, too deep, they should be
determined by the structure of the relevant measures.
• City water supply pipes branch pipe specifications and large quantities.
Ductile iron pipe fittings, complete specifications, needs to adapt to the new installation, but also to adapt to running water
connection of branch pipes need to keep it easy to solve than the non-metallic pipe.
* The following line types of urban roads and more compact layout, staggered facades, change frequently, which requires the pipe
adaptable, easy off loaded.
Ductile iron pipe system flexible interface, easy folding equipment, the ability to better withstand local subsidence,
particularly in groundwater or pipe a small amount of remaining water conditions is easier to maintain, difficult to repair than
the small non-metallic pipe.
· City roads following rain, leaking sewage pipes easy, soil corrosion resistance, good corrosion resistance requirements of the
pipeline.
Ductile iron pipe is usually zinc coating the outer surface of the first layer, then spraying asphalt protection, which is weaker
than the non-metallic pipe, but stronger than steel.
• The shape of urban roads have been planned under the conditions of the road the following requirements are not long-term
maintenance of the pipeline.
Ductile iron pipe is usually 50 to 100 years of life, than the chemical and steel pipe and long service life.
B. The current status of urban water supply networks formed, suggesting the prospect of ductile iron pipe
· China\\ s urban water supply networks in more than 80% of cast iron pipe, in recent years, the phasing out of the gray cast iron
pipe, heavy use of ductile iron pipe.
· In 1996, China Taipei laying 3412km pipeline, accounting for 84.82% ductile iron pipe.
· Tokyo, Japan City water supply network, ductile iron pipe about 90%.
· United States in recent years, the annual water supply pipes installed 230,000 km, accounting for 47.7% ductile iron pipe.
(2.1.2) urban water supply networks can not use a single pipe
Above, ductile iron pipe is the city\\ s main water supply pipe network in foreign countries are between DN50 ~ 2900mm ductile iron
pipe products in the domestic DN100 ~ 2200mm ductile iron pipe between a product, but does not indicate the city water supply
network to use a single pipe for the following reasons:
A. DN ≥ 1400mm and DN ≤ 200mm ductile iron pipe, cast difficult, relatively high price.
B. large diameter ductile iron pipe fittings, casting difficult, relatively high price.
C. large diameter ductile iron pipe wall book, bearing, socket end easily deformed, pipe laying.
In summary, the urban water supply in the domestic network, ductile iron pipe for DN300 ~ 1200mm should be within.
(2.2) should pay attention to the promotion of several ductile iron pipe
A. Quality control is the key pipe
· Ductile iron pipe is different from the gray cast iron pipe casting, casting industry, it is the high product, choose it from
the raw materials and quality control of each process, there are stringent requirements.
· Ductile iron raw material requirements of phosphorus ≤ 0.1%, sulfur ≤ 0.015%, or should dephosphorization, desulfurization
measures.
· Melting of cast iron hot metal, hot metal and then to improve the furnace temperature of 1550 ℃ or so.
· Subsequently added magnesium, calcium, cerium and other rare earth metals or alkaline earth metal ball agent, so that the
graphite in cast iron containing tissue from the sheet into a ball;
· Add the hot metal ball agent after the rapid test should spectrometer molten iron content of the main chemical elements and
microstructure analysis.
Main content should meet the requirements of chemical elements (carbon 3.6 ~ 3.75%; silicon 1.8 to 2.1%; Mn ≤ 0.4%; P ≤ 0.05%;
S ≤ 0.02%; magnesium 0.03 ~ 0.05%; 0.01 to 0.03% rare earth elements).
According to GB9441-88 standard metallographic examination, requiring the ball to two of the main level; ball more than 80%;
graphite size of 6 to 7 (at 400 times the field, the ball diameter of 1.5 ~ 4mm) , the number of graphite nodules 600 ~ 800 /
mm2; cementite ≤ 1%; small diameter pipes of ferritic ≥ 90%, 85% of large diameter tube around (ball control in the light body
within 8 to 12%).
· After the quick inspection, the molten iron into steel in 10-15 minutes into the tube in the centrifugal casting.
· This tube can be heat-treated ductile cast iron pipe into the (medium and small diameter pipe extension rate should be ≥ 10%;
large-diameter pipe extension rate should be ≥ 7%).
· According to ISO2531-91 international standards, such mechanical properties of ductile iron pipe as follows: Tensile strength
≥ 420MPa; bending strength ≥ 590MPa; yield point strength ≥ 300MPa; Brinell hardness ≤ 230.
· According to ISO8179-1995 standard, the outer coating should be zinc + bitumen, spraying the surface of the pipe should be
clean, warm conditions, the provisions of spray zinc ≥ 130g/m2, tar, bitumen coating layer thickness of about 0.08mm. Now many
users ignore this requirement zinc spray, zinc abroad clearly only the surface layer and combined into one tube, and then only
after spraying asphalt on the pipe to provide effective protection.
· According to ISO4179-1985 standard, the inner surface of pipe shall be cement mortar lining, Japan is also hygienic surface
coating of mortar unsaturated resin.
· Pipe, pipe welding, repair welding of some plant specific measures, some plants that are not verbal welding, repair welding
and there in fact the case. As a user, in principle, agreed to pipe, pipe fittings to welding; the international standards
mentioned, if the pipes and fittings for the repair welding, and review by the appropriate test, the proposed instructions to the
user causes the user to the intended receiving for sale.
· Pipe pressure test by the root, factory inspection, removal of iron bearing tumors in the mouth, polishing, brushing socket
sanitary apron face of epoxy resin, pipe diameter ≥ 400mm, suggested that during the transport and stacking, socket end should
be added within the support.
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Tagged investment casting company, stainless steel investment casting, steel casting china
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ductile iron pipe performance analysis and applications
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Ductile iron pipe performance analysis and application areas of the United States is the largest U.S. NIBCO pressure rated
ductile iron pipe valve manufacturer. U.S. NIBCO is ideal for multi-turn valves in many applications: hydrocarbons, chemicals,
ships, fire fire, pulp and paper industry can be installed in place of cast iron or cast steel valves. As a substitute for steel,
ductile iron in 1949 developed a human. Less than 0.3% carbon steel, cast iron and ductile iron pipe while the carbon content the
amount of at least 3%. The low carbon steel makes the existence of carbon as free graphite sheet structure is not formed. Cast
Iron is the natural form of free carbon graphite flakes form. In ductile iron, the graphite flakes by this special treatment
changes into tiny spheres. This improved ball makes more than makes ductile cast iron and steel, compared with a more excellent
physical properties. It is this spherical carbon microstructure, ductile iron has made more good ductility and impact resistance,
and iron sheet inside the cast iron does not lead to an extension of the form. Through the ferrite matrix for the best extension,
therefore, all the pressure load American NIBCO Ductile Iron parts have been ferritic annealing cycle Process. The internal
structure of ductile iron ball inside to eliminate the thin graphite cast iron is prone to cracking phenomenon. Ductile iron pipe
in the micro-photographs, you can see the cracks in the procession to the ball after the termination of the graphite. In the
ductile iron industry, these graphite known as \"crack Terminator\" because they have the ability to prevent breakage. Sometimes,
ductile iron is known as the \"best of two worlds in\" metal, meaning that the strength of ductile iron with cast steel, cast iron
has excellent corrosion resistance. Compared with cast iron, ductile cast iron in strength has an absolute advantage. The tensile
strength of ductile iron is 60k, while the tensile strength of cast iron is only 31k. Yield strength of ductile iron is 40k, but
cast iron does not show the yield strength, and eventually fracture. Ductile iron strength – far superior than the cost of cast
iron. (See 83 for a full comparison of mechanical properties). Ductile iron and cast iron in the corrosion resistance in the
same. The strength of ductile iron and steel strength is comparable. Ductile iron has a higher yield strength, minimum yield
strength of its 40k, and the yield strength of steel is only 36k. (See 83 for a full comparison of mechanical properties). In
most municipal applications, such as: water, salt water, steam, etc., ductile iron corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance
of more than steel. Because of the spherical graphite cast iron microstructure, reduced vibration in the capacity, ductile than
steel, and thus more conducive to reducing stress. Ductile iron is an important choice because of low cost ductile than steel.
Ductile iron, low-cost makes this material more popular, casting more efficient, less the cost of ductile iron machining.
sand casting process
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The advantage of clay is wet castings/">sand casting: ① clay rich in resources, cheap. ② the use of wet sand over clay sand by
appropriate treatment, most can be recycled for reuse. ③ mold manufacturing cycle is short, high efficiency. ④ good mix sand
can be used for a long time. ⑤ sand Chung still suffer after a small amount of solid deformation without damage, and under the
core of the draft are very favorable. Disadvantages are: ① when the sand to thick clay slurry coating on the sand surface, knead
need to use the role of high-power blender device, it is impossible to get good quality sand. ② As the sand has a very high
after a good mix of strength, style is not easy when the flow of sand, it is difficult Chung fact, when the laborious hand-shape
and it takes a certain skill, modeling the machine when the device with the complexity and size. ③ the stiffness of the mold is
not high, casting dimensional accuracy is poor. ④ casting prone to red sand, gravel, holes and other defects.
The early 20th century foundry industry began to use rolling wheel sand mixer sand, clay, wet sand to make the quality greatly
improved. New High Power Mixer Mixer can work to achieve high efficiency and high quality. The main earthquake shock compaction
of solid-type molding machine appearance, but also significantly improve the mold of firmness and uniformity. With the casting
dimensional accuracy and surface quality requirements, but also appeared to mainly high-pressure compaction molding machine. With
high-pressure molding machine manufacturing clay wet sand, not only can improve the accuracy of casting size, surface quality
improvement, but also to simplify the action tight cast, cycles, so that shape, closing the whole process to achieve high-speed
and automation. The impact of the new gas pressure molding machine, the use of clay slurry thixotropy, imposed by the
instantaneous pressure of 0.5 MPa has been a very close cast. These advances are wet clay sand casting to adapt to the
requirements of modern industry an important condition. Thus this traditional craft methods have been used to produce large
amounts of high-quality castings.
Manufacture the clay dry sand wet sand with the sand wet with water slightly higher than the sand. Sand control well after the
cavity surface to be coated with fire-resistant paint, then placed in the drying oven, cooled and poured immediately after
closing. Drying clay sand take a long time to consume large amounts of fuel, and sand in the drying process is easy to produce
distortion, so casting accuracy is affected. Clay is generally used to make dry sand castings and large cast iron. Since the
widespread adoption of chemical hardening sand, the dry sand has become obsolete.
This chemical hardening sand sand sand used as chemical hardening sand. The binders are generally in the hardener can occur under
the effect of molecular aggregation and then become three-dimensional structure of the material, commonly used in a variety of
synthetic resin and sodium silicate. There are basically three kinds of chemical hardening method.
① self-hardening: binder and hardener are in the sand are added. Or core made of sand, the binder hardening agent in the
reaction under the effect of lead or core self-hardening sand. Method is mainly used for self-hardening modeling, but also for
the manufacture or production of a larger core volume small core.
② aerosol sclerosis: sand and binder are added plus other auxiliary materials, the first without hardener. Shape or core making,
the gaseous blowing agent or blowing in hardened carrier gas atomization of liquid hardening agent, or its dispersion in the sand
core, resulting in hardening of sand. Aerosol hardening method is mainly used for the core system, sometimes used in the
manufacture of small sand.
③ heating sclerosis: sand and binder are added at room temperature the latent hardener does not work. Made of sand or core, it
will heat it, then latent hardening agent and some elements of the binder reacts to make an effective hardener binder hardening,
so that the sand or core hardened. In addition to heat-curing method for the manufacture of small shell sand, the main core for
the system.
Chemical hardening sand casting process is characterized by: ① the intensity of chemical hardening sand is much higher than the
clay, sand, and sand made after hardening to a very high intensity, after stripping, not repairing. Thus, the mold can more
accurately reflect the appearance of the size and contour shape, in a later process is also not easy to deformation. Obtained a
high dimensional accuracy of castings. ② As the hardening agent used and the viscosity of the binder is not high, it is easy to
mix with sand, sand equipment, compact structure, low power and high productivity, simplify some of the sand processing. ③ good
sand mixed well before the hardening of liquidity, when the sand is very easy to shape Chung real, and therefore does not require
large and complex molding machine. ④ chemical hardening sand molding, you can choose according to production requirements
appearance of materials such as wood, plastic and metal. ⑤ chemical hardening sand binder sand content is much lower than the
clay, of which there is not powder materials, such as the use of the same size of the original sand, sand sand between the gap is
much larger than clay. In order to avoid casting the metal into sand between the sand or core surface should be coated with good
quality paint. ⑥ water glass as binder chemical hardening sand, low cost, the use of the work environment odorless. But this is
not easy to mold sand casting metal after collapsing; used sand can not be directly recycled, renewable subject to processing,
and silicate sand regeneration and more difficult. ⑦ binder resin for the high cost of chemical hardening sand, but after
casting and sand casting easy separation, reducing the workload of casting cleaning, and used most of the sand recycling
renewable.
Core in order to ensure the quality of casting, sand casting cores used in the core is generally dry. According to core binder
used in different core sand core is divided into clay, oil sand core and resin sand core are several.
Clay sand clay sand core manufacturing simple core.
Oil-sand core with drying oil or semi-dry oil for the core sand binder produced by the core, used widely. Oil of low viscosity,
good core sand mix, good liquidity, when the core system very easy to tight. However, just made of core strength is very low,
generally to be used for profiling the core board undertake care, and then 200 ~ 300 ℃ baking within the oven for several hours,
the oil oxidation by air to harden. The disadvantage of this is making the core: core in stripping, handling and curing process
easily deformed, resulting in lower dimensional accuracy of castings; baking for a long time, energy and more.
Resin sand core made of resin sand core. Core in the core box and then remove it hardened, to ensure the core of the correct
shape and size. According to different methods of hardening resin sand core manufacturing system is generally divided into the
hot box core and cold-box core-making in two ways. ① hot box core legal system: the late 1950s. Usually furan resin sand core
binder, which also joined the latent curing agent (such as ammonium chloride). The core system, the so-box maintained at 200 ~
300 ℃, core sand core box after the injection, ammonium chloride at higher temperatures and formaldehyde resin in the reaction
of acid, so that the core quickly hardened. The establishment of stripping strength about 10 to 100 seconds. The legal system
with hot-box core, core of high dimensional accuracy, but the process is complicated and expensive devices, more energy, emit a
pungent gas, the labor conditions are poor. ② cold-box core legal system: the late 1960s. With a urethane resin as a core sand
binder. This method the system core, the core box is not heated to steam for a few seconds which can be blown into the amine core
hardening. This approach to energy, environment, production efficiency are better than hot-box method. The mid-1970s appeared
furan resin hardened sulfur dioxide blowing cold-box method. The hardening mechanism is completely different from urethane cold
box method, but the process-related features, such as rapid hardening, high core strength, the urethane cold box with the same
method.
to improve the tensile strength of gray iron casting method
In order to improve the tensile strength of gray iron castings, alloy approach should be taken to improve the tensile strength of gray cast iron, with traces of appropriate alloys, such as: chromium, molybdenum, tin and other elements can also be significantly improved the tensile strength of gray iron castings at the same time to cooperate with the inoculation of molten iron.
It also can be used to lower carbon equivalent, gray cast iron in most of the carbon content of 2.6% to 3.6% silicon content of 1.2% and 33.0%, according to the thickness of gray cast to take as far as the lower limit, an appropriate increase in manganese content, generally gray cast iron manganese content of 0.4% to 1.2%, does not appear in gray cast the case as far as possible take the white cap.
Nodular cast in aluminum casting resin casting method is commonly used in sand, lost foam casting, followed by special casting methods, such as: metal casting, investment casting, plaster casting, etc. and can be divided into clay sand casting sand, Sand organic binder resin self-hardening sand, lost foam, etc. nodular cast in aluminum casting weight and size range is very wide, only a few grams of the lightest weight, most weight up to 400 tons, the wall thickness thin, only 0.5 mm, the thickness of more than 1 meter length by a few millimeters to ten meters, to meet the requirements of different industrial sectors.
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to improve the tensile strength of gray iron casting method
In order to improve the tensile strength of gray iron castings, alloy approach should be taken to improve the tensile strength of gray cast iron, with traces of appropriate alloys, such as: chromium, molybdenum, tin and other elements can also be significantly improved the tensile strength of gray iron castings at the same time to cooperate with the inoculation of molten iron.
It also can be used to lower carbon equivalent, gray cast iron in most of the carbon content of 2.6% to 3.6% silicon content of 1.2% and 33.0%, according to the thickness of gray cast to take as far as the lower limit, an appropriate increase in manganese content, generally gray cast iron manganese content of 0.4% to 1.2%, does not appear in gray cast the case as far as possible take the white cap.
Nodular cast in aluminum casting resin casting method is commonly used in sand, lost foam casting, followed by special casting methods, such as: metal casting, investment casting, plaster casting, etc. and can be divided into clay sand casting sand, Sand organic binder resin self-hardening sand, lost foam, etc. nodular cast in aluminum casting weight and size range is very wide, only a few grams of the lightest weight, most weight up to 400 tons, the wall thickness thin, only 0.5 mm, the thickness of more than 1 meter length by a few millimeters to ten meters, to meet the requirements of different industrial sectors.
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Liquid tight association Sixth general meeting of members of Congress and
China Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals Association Sixth Congress of the grand opening, the hydraulic fluid from the pneumatic sealing member 260 industry representatives, from the motherland in all directions meet in Shanghai to attend the event industry. Ministry of Cao Gang, Deputy Director, Chinese Academy of Engineering has extensive business academicians, Yuming academicians invited to attend the meeting, China Machinery Industry Federation and Honorary President of China Machinery Industry Federation, sent a congratulatory message on Jane comrades, the General Assembly wishes. General Assembly, in a solemn high national anthem began. Fifth Council presided over by Comrade Li Li, vice president of the General Assembly.
Association and articles of association in accordance with the relevant procedural requirements, the Conference adopted the following resolution:
First, the Assembly heard, considered and adopted the sand Bossen comrades on behalf of China Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals Association work report made by the Fifth Council.
Second, the Conference considered and adopted the "China Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals Association Charter (Draft)."
Third, the Conference considered and adopted the "China Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals Association, the Fifth Council of the financial revenue and expenditure report."
Fourth, the Conference considered and adopted the "China Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals Association dues pay standards and use of management practices."
Fifth, the General Assembly considered and adopted the appointment of the Sixth Council elections approach.
Sixth, after full deliberation and consultation, the Assembly elected by an association of 136 units in the sixth member.
One after another, China Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals Association Council held its sixth plenary meeting, the newly elected 136 member units (people) to attend this meeting.
Association meeting in accordance with statutes and the relevant procedural requirements, adopt the following resolution:
First, after full deliberation and consultation, the Conference elected by secret ballot by 41 units (people) consisting of China Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals Association Sixth General Council. (Attachment: List of the sixth executive director. Doc)
Second, after full deliberation, sand Bossen election Comrade China Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals Association, chairman of the Sixth Council; election Du Xudong, Gu Zhiyi, Barbara Lin, Xie Zhigang, Li Li, Cong Liming, Wang Shaoyu, Huang Xing, Xuedong, Guohong Ling, Pan Zhengdong, 11 comrades China Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals Association, vice chairman of the Sixth Council; election Yang Buchun comrades for the sixth General Council.
Third, after full deliberation, nominated by the Secretary-General, the Conference adopted the appointment Cheng Xiaoxia (executive), Li Yaowen, and other three comrades in Hong Li of China Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals Industry Association deputy secretary general of the Sixth Council, and report to relevant departments for the record .
Four nominated by the sand Bossen chairman, elected at the meeting agreed to the Chinese comrades Jane Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals Industry Association as honorary chairman;
Based on operational need, to hire Academy of Engineering has extensive business, Yuming; industry veteran Wang Changjiang, Huang Renhao, Wangxiong Yao, Zhao Tong and other six comrades Special Adviser for the Association; hire Comrade Yang Seoul Zhuang honorary advisor.
During the meeting the newly elected representatives of the governing unit of Shanghai Bosch Rexroth industrial hydraulics Hydraulic and Automation Co., Ltd. General Manager Yang Hui, Guangzhou, Ningbo Hydraulic Co., Ltd. Sai Kesi day tournament Jane Wu, Ningbo Sono Industrial Automation Equipment Co., Ltd. Mao Xinjiang, new General of the Council elected the sixth, vice president have spoken: the heavy responsibility entrusted treasure Association, liquid tight for the Chinese industry trying to make a greater contribution!
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China Aviation Industry Institute successfully developed C919 aircraft materials such as rubber windshield seal main
Institute of AVIC CASC number of technical difficulties to overcome, in time for the large aircraft nose engineering prototype C919 provides the main pieces of transparent windshield, side windshield transparent parts, transparent windows and rubber seals parts to ensure nose engineering prototype of the main structure of C919 acceptance by the node and the C919 aircraft engineering prototype development progress.
CASC hospital since September 2009, received the C919 nose engineering prototype transparent pieces of rubber seals manufacturing technology and the task has been set up research and development group set of intellectual research, the use of edge design, while manufacturing, while testing the "triangular" extraordinary work methods, objectives and processes adhere to the progress of the task priority, breaking the aluminum silicate glass chemically enhanced, targeted and transparent pieces of glass double curved shape, laminated and large-size CNC machining and the overall shape of rubber seals and many other key technologies. The first time, the domestic large-size, surface chemically enhanced primary aluminum silicate glass windshield and large-size high-performance, dual-directional glass surface slightly cross-linked transparent pieces of laminated windshield and side seals of the self-developed performance indicators to meet the C919 project Prototype technical conditions required for the realization of a large customer self-transparent material to protect the domestic laying a solid foundation.
From raw material preparation, molding and processing to a transparent, CASC hospital only two and a half months to complete 17 sets of molds and left / right main windshield, left / right side of the windshield 4 sets, 6 sets of windows development and acceptance of delivery, the C919 nose engineering prototype of the main structure of the node passed the inspection by providing an important safeguard.
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